Question

Biotechnological methods for gene regulation (control of the amount of protein in eukaryotes and prokaryotes). Two separate keyword lists (Pro/Eu).?

Answer 1

GENE REGULATION:-

Necessity of Gene regulation

1) Unicellular organisams

• Depending on the needs of the body some genes have to be transcribed whereas the rest have to be switched off
• Helps to adapt to the changes in environment

2) Multicellular organisams

• Helps in diffentiation of cells
• Performance of various functions in the body

GENE REGULATION MECHANISM IN PROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES

• In procaryotes the primary control point is the process of transcription initiation
• In eucaryotes expression of gene into proteins can be controlled at various locations.

1) Gene regulation procaryotes

In procaryotes the primary control point is the process of transcription initiation. Different ways of regulation of gene expression in bacteria.

• Promoter recognition
• Transcription elongation

Regulation of gene expression can be done by some operon pathway such as

• Lac operon
• Tryptophan operon

Steps in regulation in procaryotes

• Transcriptional control
• Translational control
• Post translational control

GENE REGULATION IN EUCARYOTES

• Eucaryotes cells have a much larger genome
• Eucaryotes have much greater cell specialization
• This eucaryotic cells contain an enormous amount of DNA that does not program the synthesis of RNA or protein
• This requires complex organization
• In eucaryotes expression of gene into proteins can be controlled at various locations.

Steps in eucaryotic gene regulation

• Transcriptional control
• RNA processing control
• RNA transport and localisation control
• Translation control
• mRNA degradation control
• Protein activator control