Question

Essay Question:

Compare and contrast the process of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL

Answer 1

Prokaryotes do not have defined nucleus so every process takes place in cytoplasm even gene expression and regulation also. whereas eukaryotes have many compartments so there gene expression and regulation takes place in both nucleus and in cytoplasm.

In prokaryotes transcrition and translation are coupled process,so gene regulation occur at transcription level only. there are no introns so no post transcrptional modification occur. In eukaryotes mRNA is formed inside the nucleus and transported to cytoplasm for translation.Eukaryotes also have introns so post transcription modification occur. In eukaryotes Gene regulation occus at various steps

1) at transcription level

2) at post transcriptional level- capping, tailing, splicing, alternate splicing,

3) at post translation level- this occurs by modification of several amino acid by enzymatic or chrmical method

4) epigenetic level-regulates how tightly the DNA is wound around histone proteins to package it into chromosomes