Question

     Gene regulation in eukaryotes has some similarities to that in prokaryotes, but is quite distinct in the variety of mechanisms employed and their complexity.

A. Name three differences between gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

B. How is the preparation for transcription different in eukaryotes compared with prokaryotes?

C. What is an enhancer? Explain its use in transcriptional control. Be certain to define basal level of transcription.

D. Eukaryotic repression can work by several different mechanisms including competition and quenching. Explain briefly each type.

Answer 1

A.ans here are many differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some of these differences are structural whereas others are procedural. Two of the processes that are substantially different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are gene expression and the regulation of it. Both types of cells transcribe DNA into mRNA, which is then translated into polypeptides, but the specifics of these processes differ.one that is upstream of the gene being transcribed, one that is 10 nucleotides downstream of it and one that is 35 nucleotides downstream.Eukaryotes have a much larger set of promoter elements, the primary one being the TATA box. Eukaryotic transcription initiation factors assemble an initiation complex, which dissociates at the end of initiation. Prokaryotic transcription initiation factors do not assemble an initiation complexProkaryotes have 70S ribosomes whereas eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes.