Describe and explain what is CVP analysis. Provide examples of how managers may use this tool for sensitivity analysis

Juan acquires an oil and gas property interest for $500,000. Juan expects to recover 100,000 barrels of oil. Intangible drilling and development costs are $125,000 and are charged to expense. Other expenses are $50,000. During the year, 20,000 barrels of oil are sold for $650,000. Juan's depletion deduction is

A) $100,000.

B) $112,500.

C) $160,000.

D) $600,000.

Sunspot Beverages, Ltd., of Fiji uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. It makes blended tropical fruit drinks in two stages. Fruit juices are extracted from fresh fruits and then blended in the Blending Department. The blended juices are then bottled and packed for shipping in the Bottling Department. The following information pertains to the operations of the Blending Department for June. Percent Completed Units Materials Conversion Work in process, beginning 58,000 70% 40% Started into production 299,000 Completed and transferred out 289,000 Work in process, ending 68,000 75% 25% Materials Conversion Work in process, beginning $ 20,000 $ 6,200 Cost added during June $ 214,600 $ 131,500 Required: 1. Calculate the Blending Department's equivalent units of production for materials and conversion in June. 2. Calculate the Blending Department's cost per equivalent unit for materials and conversion in June. 3. Calculate the Blending Department's cost of ending work in process inventory for materials, conversion, and in total for June. 4. Calculate the Blending Department's cost of units transferred out to the Bottling Department for materials, conversion, and in total for June. 5. Prepare a cost reconciliation report for the Blending Department for June.

Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement

For 20Y2, McDade Company reported a decline in net income. At the end of the year, T. Burrows, the president, is presented with the following condensed comparative income statement:

Required:

1. Prepare a comparative income statement with horizontal analysis for the two-year period, using 20Y1 as the base year. Round percentages to one decimal place. Use the minus sign to indicate a decrease in the "Increase (Decrease)" columns.

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1. In your own words, explain the difference between absorption costing and variable costing methods. How does each treat fixed manufacturing overhead? Provide an example and calculate the unit product cost using each method.

You have just been hired as a new management trainee by Earrings Unlimited, a distributor of earrings to various retail outlets located in shopping malls across the country. In the past, the company has done very little in the way of budgeting and at certain times of the year has experienced a shortage of cash. Since you are well trained in budgeting, you have decided to prepare a master budget for the upcoming second quarter. To this end, you have worked with accounting and other areas to gather the information assembled below.

The company sells many styles of earrings, but all are sold for the same price—$15 per pair. Actual sales of earrings for the last three months and budgeted sales for the next six months follow (in pairs of earrings):

The concentration of sales before and during May is due to Mother’s Day. Sufficient inventory should be on hand at the end of each month to supply 40% of the earrings sold in the following month.

Suppliers are paid $4.50 for a pair of earrings. One-half of a month’s purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. All sales are on credit. Only 20% of a month’s sales are collected in the month of sale. An additional 70% is collected in the following month, and the remaining 10% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been negligible.

Monthly operating expenses for the company are given below:

Insurance is paid on an annual basis, in November of each year.

The company plans to purchase $18,500 in new equipment during May and $45,000 in new equipment during June; both purchases will be for cash. The company declares dividends of $18,750 each quarter, payable in the first month of the following quarter.

The company’s balance sheet as of March 31 is given below:

The company maintains a minimum cash balance of $55,000. All borrowing is done at the beginning of a month; any repayments are made at the end of a month.

The company has an agreement with a bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company would pay the bank all of the accumulated interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible (in increments of $1,000), while still retaining at least $55,000 in cash.

Required:

Prepare a master budget for the three-month period ending June 30. Include the following detailed schedules:

2. A cash budget. Show the budget by month and in total. Determine any borrowing that would be needed to maintain the minimum cash balance of $55,000.

3. A budgeted income statement for the three-month period ending June 30. Use the contribution approach.

4. A budgeted balance sheet as of June 30.

1) Which of the following is a false statement as it relates to analysis?

a. Profitability may not be a major consideration as long as the resources for repayment can be projected.

b. Equity capital provides creditors with a cushion against loss

c. There is a difference between the objectives that are sought by short term grantors of credit and those sought by long term grantors of credit.

d. If merchandise with a 20% markup is sold on credit, it would take ten successful sales of the same amount to make up for one sale not collected.

e. financial structure of the entity is of interest to creditors.

2). Which of these statements is false?

a. A ratio can be computed for any pair of numbers.

b. Given the large quantity of variables included in financial statements, a very long list of meaningful ratios can be derived.

c. Comparing ratios computed from the income statement and balance sheet numbers can create difficulties due to the timing of the financial statements.

d. Financial ratios are usually expressed in percent or times.

e. In a vertical analysis, a figure from this year's statement is compared with a base selected from the prior statement.

Bensen Company started business by acquiring $26,300 cash from the issue of common stock on January 1, Year 1. The cash acquired was immediately used to purchase equipment for $26,300 that had a $3,900 salvage value and an expected useful life of four years. The equipment was used to produce the following revenue stream (assume that all revenue transactions are for cash). At the beginning of the fifth year, the equipment was sold for $4,330 cash. Bensen uses straight-line depreciation. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue $ 7,640 $ 8,140 $ 8,340 $ 7,140 $ 0 Required Prepare income statements, statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, balance sheets, and statements of cash flows for each of the five years.

Gulf States Manufacturing has the following data from year 1 operations, which are to be used for developing year 2 budget estimates:

All depreciation charges are fixed. Old manufacturing equipment with an annual depreciation charge of $16,050 will be replaced in year 2 with new equipment that will incur an annual depreciation charge of $22,500. Sales volume and prices are expected to increase by 11 percent and 7 percent, respectively. On a per-unit basis, expectations are that materials costs will increase by 9 percent and variable manufacturing costs will decrease by 2 percent. Fixed cash manufacturing costs are expected to decrease by 7 percent.

Variable marketing costs will change with volume. Administrative cash costs are expected to increase by 7 percent. Inventories are kept at zero. Gulf States operates on a cash basis.

1. Required information

Required: Prepare a budgeted income statement for year 2. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

2. Required information

Required: Estimate the cash from operations expected in year 2. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Brandlin Company of Anaheim, California, sells parts to a foreign customer on December 1, 2017, with payment of 19,000 korunas to be received on March 1, 2018. Brandlin enters into a forward contract on December 1, 2017, to sell 19,000 korunas on March 1, 2018. Relevant exchange rates for the koruna on various dates are as follows:

Brandlin's incremental borrowing rate is 9 percent. The present value factor for two months at an annual interest rate of 9 percent (0.75 percent per month) is 0.9852. Brandlin must close its books and prepare financial statements at December 31.

1. a-1. Assuming that Brandlin designates the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency receivable and recognizes any premium or discount using the straight-line method, prepare journal entries for these transactions in U.S. dollars.

2. a-2. What is the impact on 2017 net income?

3. a-3. What is the impact on 2018 net income?

4. a-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?

5. b-1. Assuming that Brandlin designates the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency receivable, prepare journal entries for these transactions in U.S. dollars.

6. b-2. What is the impact on 2017 net income?

7. b-3. What is the impact on 2018 net income?

8. b-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?

1. You manage a production line that operates using a monthly production cycle. There are five different products that could be made this month. However, you only have 500 hours of line capacity, so you must be careful which products you select to make in the production cycle.

Making a product incurs two types of setup costs: (1) a material “tear down” cost (measured in dollars) and (2) downtime for line preparation (measured in hours). Any quantity up to the forecasted monthly demand can be sold. Additional production details are given in the table below:

1. Based on this information, design a monthly production schedule to maximize monthly profit. Your solution should identify which products to make and the quantities of each. (Assume the line is not currently set up to make any of these products; Set Optimality Gap to .1%)
2. If you could go to a two-month production cycle with the same monthly demands and the same monthly capacity, would you select different products and quantities? (Again assume the line is not currently set up to make any of these products; Set Optimality Gap to .1%)

Lubricants, Inc., produces a special kind of grease that is widely used by race car drivers. The grease is produced in two processing departments—Refining and Blending. Raw materials are introduced at various points in the Refining Department. The following incomplete Work in Process account is available for the Refining Department for March: Work in Process—Refining Department March 1 balance 34,000 Completed and transferred to Blending ? Materials 151,600 Direct labor 80,200 Overhead 484,000 March 31 balance ? The March 1 work in process inventory in the Refining Department consists of the following elements: materials, $7,700; direct labor, $4,700; and overhead, $21,600. Costs incurred during March in the Blending Department were: materials used, $46,000; direct labor, $17,200; and overhead cost applied to production, $104,000. Required: 1. Prepare journal entries to record the costs incurred in both the Refining Department and Blending Department during March. Key your entries to the items (a) through (g) below. Raw materials used in production. Direct labor costs incurred. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred for the entire factory, $656,000. (Credit Accounts Payable.) Manufacturing overhead was applied to production using a predetermined overhead rate. Units that were complete with respect to processing in the Refining Department were transferred to the Blending Department, $692,000. Units that were complete with respect to processing in the Blending Department were transferred to Finished Goods, $710,000. Completed units were sold on account, $1,370,000. The Cost of Goods Sold was $670,000. 2. Post the journal entries from (1) above to T-accounts. The following account balances existed at the beginning of March. (The beginning balance in the Refining Department’s Work in Process is given in the T-account shown above.) Raw materials $ 214,600 Work in process—Blending Department $ 40,000 Finished goods $ 19,000

Julia Wallace, a professional violinist with Lincoln Symphony Orchestra, purchased a 200-year-old antique violin at a cost of $970,000. She thinks that it is a good investment because she knows that it will continue to appreciate in value as a treasured work of art. She plans to use this violin in concerts and wants to know if she can depreciate it as a business-use asset. Prepare a letter memo for the tax file documenting your conclusions.

Ivanhoe Co. reports the following information for 2017: sales revenue $767,200, cost of goods sold $503,000, operating expenses $87,800, and an unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities for 2017 of $59,600. It declared and paid a cash dividend of $14,450 in 2017.

Ivanhoe Co. has January 1, 2017, balances in common stock $362,300; accumulated other comprehensive income $87,600; and retained earnings $91,850. It issued no stock during 2017.

Prepare a statement of stockholders’ equity.

Sales and Production Budgets

Sonic Inc. manufactures two models of speakers, Rumble and Thunder. Based on the following production and sales data for June, prepare (a) a sales budget and (b) a production budget:

a. Prepare a sales budget.

b. Prepare a production budget. For those boxes in which you must enter subtracted or negative numbers use a minus sign.