ATC 14-1 Business Applications Case Preparing and using pro forma statements

Maria Gutierrez and Devin Duzan recently graduated from the same university. After graduation they decided not to seek jobs at established organizations but, rather, to start their own small business hoping they could have more flexibility in their personal lives for a few years. Maria’s family has operated Mexican restaurants and taco trucks for the past two generations, and Maria noticed there were no taco truck services in the town where their university was located. To reduce the amount, they would need for an initial investment, they decided to start a business operating a taco cart rather than a taco truck, from which they would cook and serve traditional Mexican-styled street food.

They bought a used taco cart for $25,000. This cost, along with the cost for supplies to get started, a business license, and street vendor license brought their initial expenditures to $29,000. They took $5,000 from personal savings they had accumulated by working part-time during college, and they borrowed $15,000 from Maria’s parents. They agreed to pay interest on the outstanding loan balance each month based on an annual rate of 4 percent. They will repay the principal over the next few years as cash becomes available. They were able to rent space in a parking lot near the campus they had attended, believing that the students would welcome their food as an alternative to the typical fast food that was currently available.

After two months in business, September and October, they had average monthly revenues of $20,000 and out-of-pocket costs of $16,000 for rent, ingredients, paper supplies, and so on, but not interest. Devin thinks they should repay some of the money they borrowed, but Maria thinks they should prepare a set of forecasted financial statements for their first year in business before deciding whether or not to repay any principal on the loan. She remembers a bit about budgeting from a survey of accounting course she took and thinks the results from their first two months in business can be extended over the next 10 months to prepare the budget they need. They estimate the cart will last at least five years, after which they expect to sell it for $5,000 and move on to something else in their lives. Maria agrees to prepare a forecasted (pro forma) income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for their first year in business, which includes the two months already passed.

Required

1. Prepare the annual pro forma financial statements that you would expect Maria to prepare based on her comments about her expectations for the business. Assume no principal will be repaid on the loan. [Note: Some amounts are different from the printed text version]

2. Review the statements you prepared for the first requirement and prepare a list of reasons why actual results for Devin and Maria’s business probably will not match their budgeted statements.

Periodic Inventory Using FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average Cost Methods

The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows:

There are 20 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used. Determine the inventory cost using (a) the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method; (b) the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method; and (c) the weighted average cost method (Round per unit cost to two decimal places and your final answer to the nearest whole dollar).

1. Inventory Turnover and Days' Sales in Inventory

   Financial statement data for years ending December 31 for Amsterdam Company follow:

   	20Y4				20Y3
   Cost of merchandise sold	$3,598,900				$3,015,630
   Inventories:
   Beginning of year	593,000				589,600
   End of year	648,000				593,000

   a. Determine the inventory turnover for 20Y4 and 20Y3. Round to one decimal place.

   	Inventory Turnover
   20Y4	fill in the blank 1
   20Y3	fill in the blank 2

   b. Determine the days' sales in inventory for 20Y4 and 20Y3. Assume 365 days a year. Round interim calculations and final answers to one decimal place.

   	Days' Sales in Inventory
   20Y4	fill in the blank 3 days
   20Y3	fill in the blank 4 days

   c. Does the change in the inventory turnover and the days' sales in inventory from 20Y3 to 20Y4 indicate a favorable or an unfavorable trend?
   

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The following income statement and balance sheets for Virtual Gaming Systems are provided.

Earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2021, are $1.20. The closing stock price on December 31, 2021, is $27.50.

Required:

Calculate the following profitability ratios for 2021. (Round your answers to 1 decimal place.)

2. Look at the last five(omit 2020 Q2) quarters covered in the table. Compare the most recent quarter to the same quarter in the previous year.

a) Which sector* had the largest percentage increase in profit (or largest decrease in loss)

b) Which sector had the smallest percentage increase in profit (or the largest percentage decrease in profit)?

c) Which sectors*, if any, experienced losses during any of the last four quarters covered in the table?

*Note: By "sector", I mean certain groups larger than an individual industry: These are: “Financial” (Row 10), “Utilities (Row 14), "Manufacturing" (Row 15), "Durable goods" (Row 16), "Nondurable goods" (Row 23) and Rows 28 through 32. The listings in Rows 17 through 22 and 24 through 27 (the rows which are most indented from the left margin) are industries, not sectors.

Pirate Company purchased 60 percent ownership of Ship Corporation on January 1, 20X1, for $82,800. On that date, the noncontrolling interest had a fair value of $55,200 and Ship reported common stock outstanding of $100,000 and retained earnings of $20,000. The full amount of the differential is assigned to land to be used as a future building site. Pirate uses the fully adjusted equity method in accounting for its ownership of Ship. On December 31, 20X2, the trial balances of the two companies are as follows:

Page 289Ship sold inventory costing $25,500 to Pirate for $42,500 in 20X1. Pirate resold 80 percent of the purchase in 20X1 and the remainder in 20X2. Ship sold inventory costing $21,000 to Pirate in 20X2 for $35,000, and Pirate resold 70 percent of it prior to December 31, 20X2. In addition, Pirate sold inventory costing $14,000 to Ship for $28,000 in 20X2, and Ship resold all but $13,000 of its purchase prior to December 31, 20X2.

Assume both companies use straight-line depreciation and that no property, plant, and equipment has been purchased since the acquisition.

Use the data provided after the trial balance in the paragraph in the book. Complete the tables for each inventory transaction and the consolidation entries for the x7 and the x8 inventory transactions.

Martinez Company has the following two temporary differences between its income tax expense and income taxes payable.

The income tax rate for all years is 40%.

- Assuming there were no temporary differences prior to 2017, prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2017, 2018, and 2019.

- Indicate how deferred taxes will be reported on the 2019 balance sheet. Martinez’s product warranty is for 12 months.

- Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2019, beginning with the line “Pretax financial income."

1. Inventory Turnover and Days' Sales in Inventory

   Financial statement data for years ending December 31 for Salsa Company follow:

   	20Y7				20Y6
   Cost of merchandise sold	$2,912,700				$3,009,790
   Inventories:
   Beginning of year	489,000				481,900
   End of year	533,000				489,000

   a. Determine the inventory turnover for 20Y7 and 20Y6. Round to one decimal place.

   	Inventory Turnover
   20Y7	fill in the blank 1
   20Y6	fill in the blank 2

   b. Determine the days' sales in inventory for 20Y7 and 20Y6. Assume 365 days a year. Round interim calculations and final answers to one decimal place.

   	Days' Sales in Inventory
   20Y7	fill in the blank 3 days
   20Y6	fill in the blank 4 days

   c. Does the change in the inventory turnover and the days' sales in inventory from 20Y6 to 20Y7 indicate a favorable or an unfavorable trend?
   

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Periodic Inventory by Three Methods

The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows:

There are 1,220 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used.

a. Determine the inventory cost by the first-in, first-out method.
$fill in the blank 1

b. Determine the inventory cost by the last-in, first-out method.
$fill in the blank 2

c. Determine the inventory cost by the weighted average cost method. Do not round intermediate calculation and round final answer to the nearest whole dollar.
$fill in the blank 3

ou are a new tax accountant. A potential client would like to meet with you to discuss your tax preparation and planning services

A young couple, both employed full time, have a child, age 8, and are considering purchasing a home. They would like to wisely save for retirement and their child’s educations

Before your meeting, prepare a list of tax opportunities or tax issues to highlight with your potential clients. Choose 3 items from your list of tax opportunities or tax issues and expand on them, preparing a short write up on each item that you will share with the potential client.

Discussion Question #1 Refer to the article “Rising Interest Rates Trigger Losses on Banks Massive Bond Holdings” in Wall Street Journal (December 7, 2016) What is the difference between realized and unrealized gains and losses on security holdings? What are the three categories of investments identified in authoritative accounting literature? Cite the authoritative guidance you are referencing. What is the difference in accounting treatment of unrealized gains and losses across these three categories of investments? Cite the authoritative guidance you are referencing. Why do unrealized losses affect a bank's book value but “don't immediately diminish a banks profits”? In your answer, define the “special bucket...called 'accumulated other comprehensive income.'”

Marvel Parts, Inc., manufactures auto accessories. One of the company’s products is a set of seat covers that can be adjusted to fit nearly any small car. The company has a standard cost system in use for all of its products. According to the standards that have been set for the seat covers, the factory should work 1,060 hours each month to produce 2,120 sets of covers. The standard costs associated with this level of production are:

During August, the factory worked only 500 direct labor-hours and produced 2,200 sets of covers. The following actual costs were recorded during the month:

At standard, each set of covers should require 2.5 yards of material. All of the materials purchased during the month were used in production.

Required:

1. Compute the materials price and quantity variances for August.

2. Compute the labor rate and efficiency variances for August.

3. Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances for August.

(Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Seventy-Two Inc., a developer of radiology equipment, has stock outstanding as follows: 81,300 shares of cumulative preferred 3% stock, $15 par, and 400,100 shares of $27 par common. During its first four years of operations, the following amounts were distributed as dividends: first year, $55,800 ; second year, $76,700 ; third year, $79,500 ; fourth year, $101,900 .

Calculate the dividends per share on each class of stock for each of the four years. Round all answers to two decimal places. If no dividends are paid in a given year, enter "0".

Variable Costing Income Statement On July 31, the end of the first month of operations, Rhys Company prepared the following income statement, based on the absorption costing concept: Sales (24,000 units) $1,224,000 Cost of goods sold: Cost of goods manufactured $971,500 Less ending inventory (5,000 units) 167,500 Cost of goods sold 804,000 Gross profit $420,000 Selling and administrative expenses 136,000 Income from operations $284,000 a. Prepare a variable costing income statement, assuming that the fixed manufacturing costs were $87,000 and the variable selling and administrative expenses were $62,000. In your computations, round unit costs to two decimal places and round final answers to the nearest dollar. Rhys Company Income Statement-Variable Costing For the Month Ended July 31 $ Variable cost of goods sold: $ $ $ Fixed costs: $ Income from operations $ b. Reconcile the absorption costing income from operations of $284,000 with the variable costing income from operations determined in (a). Reconciliation of Absorption and Variable Costing Income Absorption costing income from operations $ Variable costing income from operations Difference $ Check My Work PreviousNext

Silver Lake Resort opened for business on July 1 with eight air-conditioned units. Its trial balance before adjustment on December 31 in as follows.

Other data for the adjustments (assuming no monthly adjustments before the fiscal year end):

Prepare adjusting journal entries for the following items.

1. Prepaid insurance of $6,000 was recorded on Sep 1, 2014 and the Insurance expires at the rate of $500 per month

2. A count of supplies on December 31 shows $1,000 on hand.

3. Depreciation for the period is $4,500 on buildings and $2,400 on equipment.

4. Unearned rent revenue of $4,000 out of previous balance $7,400 was now earned for services performed prior to December 31.

5. Salaries of $1,000 were unpaid at December 31.

6. Rentals of $3,000 were due from tenants at December 31 (use Accounts Receivables) [not yet received].

Prepare the adjusted trial balance, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet. (you may use a separate sheet)

Big Co. purchases shares of Little Co starting on 1/1/21. Little Co. has 100,000 shares of stock outstanding.

Relevant data shown below:

1/1/21: Purchased 5,000 shares at $18/share, plus $10 commission.

11/1/21: Little Co. paid common dividends totaling $10,000 12/31/21: Little Co. stock trading at $20/share

4/1/22: Purchased 6,000 shares at $21/share, plus $10 commission

11/1/22: Little Co. paid dividends totaling $10,000

12/31/22: Little Co stock trading at $19/share 3/1/23: Sold 1,000 shares of Little Co stock at $19.50/share, less $10 commission. Assume Big uses FIFO to account for their investment in these shares. Required: Prepare entries to record the preceding transactions, and answer the following questions.

Questions:

1. What is the total cost recorded as the "investment" on 1/1/21?

2. How much of an unrealized gain or loss is reported on the 2021 statement of comprehensive income ("xx,xxx gain" or "xx,xx loss")?

3. How much is received as dividends on 11/1/22?

4. What is the balance in the "investment in Little" account at 12/31/22?

5. What is our TOTAL unrealized gain or loss at 12/31/22? ("xx,xxx gain" or "xx,xxx loss")

6. How much of an unrealized gain or loss is reported on the 2022 statement of comprehensive income ("xx,xxx gain" or "xx,xxx loss")?

7. What was the gain or loss on sale of the shares on 3/1/23 ("xx,xxx gain" or "xx,xxx loss")?