You have been examining the books of a new client. Included on their previously unaudited financial statements was a balance of $299,032 for a long-term Patent as of 12/31/2017. When examining the ledger, you found these entries:

• An “acquisition” entry of $274,982:
• Legal costs incurred in the preparation of the application for the patent: $6,450 during 2016
• Leal costs incurred in successfully defending the validity of the patent: $17,600 during 2017

Bilboa Freightlines, S.A., of Panama, has a small truck that it uses for intracity deliveries. The truck is worn out and must be either overhauled or replaced with a new truck. The company has assembled the following information:

If the company keeps and overhauls its present delivery truck, then the truck will be usable for five more years. If a new truck is purchased, it will be used for five years, after which it will be traded in on another truck. The new truck would be diesel-operated, resulting in a substantial reduction in annual operating costs, as shown above.

The company computes depreciation on a straight-line basis. All investment projects are evaluated using a 11% discount rate.

Click here to view Exhibit 13B-1 and Exhibit 13B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables.

Required:

1. What is the net present value of the “keep the old truck” alternative?

2. What is the net present value of the “purchase the new truck” alternative?

3. Should Bilboa Freightlines keep the old truck or purchase the new one?

(Appendix 4B) Direct Method of Support Department Cost Allocation

Stevenson Company is divided into two operating divisions: Battery and Small Motors. The company allocates power and general factory costs to each operating division using the direct method. Power costs are allocated on the basis of the number of machine hours and general factory costs on the basis of square footage. Support department cost allocations using the direct method are based on the following data:

Required:

1. Calculate the allocation ratios for Power and General Factory. (Note: Carry these calculations out to four decimal places, if necessary.)

2. Allocate the support service costs to the operating divisions. Round all amounts to the nearest dollar. Use a minus sign to indicate a subtraction. For those boxes in which no entry is required, leave the box blank or enter zero ("0").

3. Assume divisional overhead rates are based on direct labor hours. Calculate the overhead rate for the Battery Division and for the Small Motors Division. Round your answers to the nearest cent.

PLEASE EXPLAIN STEP BY STEP. THANK YOU!

1. Target Costing

   Laser Impressions, Inc., manufactures color laser printers. Model J20 presently sells for $375 and has a total product cost of $300, as follows:

   Direct materials	$220
   Direct labor	60
   Factory overhead	20
   Total	$300

   It is estimated that the competitive selling price for color laser printers of this type will drop to $360 next year. Laser Impressions has established a target cost to maintain its historical markup percentage on product cost. Engineers have provided the following cost-reduction ideas:

   1. Purchase a plastic printer cover with snap-on assembly, rather than with screws. This will reduce the amount of direct labor by 9 minutes per unit.
   2. Add an inspection step that will add six minutes per unit of direct labor but reduce the materials cost by $8 per unit.
   3. Decrease the cycle time of the injection molding machine from four minutes to three minutes per part. Thirty percent of the direct labor and 45% of the factory overhead are related to running injection molding machines.

   The direct labor rate is $25 per hour.

   a. Determine the target cost for Model J20 assuming that the historical markup on product cost and selling price are maintained. Round your final answer to two decimal places.
   $

   b. Determine the required cost reduction. Enter as a positive number. Round your final answer to two decimal places.
   $

   c. Evaluate the three engineering improvements together to determine if the required cost reduction (drift) can be achieved. Enter all amounts as positive numbers. Do not round interim calculations but round your final answers to two decimal places.

   1. Direct labor reduction	$
   2. Additional inspection	$
   3. Injection molding productivity improvement	$
   Total savings	$

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Shaker Stairs Co. designs and builds factory-made premium wooden stairways for homes. The manufactured stairway components (spindles, risers, hangers, hand rails) permit installation of stairways of varying lengths and widths. All are of white oak wood. Budgeted manufacturing overhead costs for the year 2017 are as follows.

For the last 4 years, Shaker Stairs Co. has been charging overhead to products on the basis of machine hours. For the year 2017, 100,000 machine hours are budgeted.

Jeremy Nolan, owner-manager of Shaker Stairs Co., recently directed his accountant, Bill Seagren, to implement the activity-based costing system that he has repeatedly proposed. At Jeremy Nolan’s request, Bill and the production foreman identify the following cost drivers and their usage for the previously budgeted overhead cost pools.

Steve Hannon, sales manager, has received an order for 250 stairways from Community Builders, Inc., a large housing development contractor. At Steve’s request, Bill prepares cost estimates for producing components for 250 stairways so Steve can submit a contract price per stairway to Community Builders. He accumulates the following data for the production of 250 stairways.

Compute the predetermined overhead rate using traditional costing with machine hours as the basis. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)

What is the manufacturing cost per stairway under traditional costing? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)

Calculate activity-based overhead rate for each activity. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)

Caluclate total overhead assigned under ABC.

What is the manufacturing cost per stairway under the proposed activity-based costing? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)

On January 1, 2017, the Mount Rogers City water department leases a truck under a noncancelable lease agreement meeting the requirements for classification as a capital lease. The present value (8% interest) of the minimum lease payment is $45000, and the lease calls for five annual lease payments of $10435 every January 1, beginning in 2017. The leased truck has a five year life and no salvage. 1. Prepare journal entries for the first year of the lease. 2. How would the lease be reflected in the Statement of Cash Flows prepared for the enterprise fund for the year ending December 31, 2017?

Calculating EVA Brewster Company manufactures elderberry wine. Last year, Brewster earned operating income of $188,000 after income taxes. Capital employed equaled $2.6 million. Brewster is 45 percent equity and 55 percent 10-year bonds paying 7 percent interest. Brewster’s marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The company is considered a fairly risky investment and probably commands a 13-point premium above the 4 percent rate on long-term Treasury bonds. Jonathan Brewster’s aunts, Abby and Martha, have just retired, and Brewster is the new CEO of Brewster Company. He would like to improve EVA for the company. Compute EVA under each of the following independent scenarios that Brewster is considering. Required: Use a spreadsheet to perform your calculations and round all interim and percentage figures to four decimal places. If the EVA is negative, enter your answer as a negative amount. 1. No changes are made; calculate EVA using the original data. $ 2. Sugar will be used to replace another natural ingredient (atomic number 33) in the elderberry wine. This should not affect costs but will begin to affect the market assessment of Brewster Company, bringing the premium above long-term Treasury bills to 11 percent the first year and 8 percent the second year. Calculate revised EVA for both years. EVA Year 1 $ Year 2 $ 3. Brewster is considering expanding but needs additional capital. The company could borrow money, but it is considering selling more common stock, which would increase equity to 80 percent of total financing. Total capital employed would be $3,800,000. The new after-tax operating income would be $370,000. Using the original data, calculate EVA. Then, recalculate EVA assuming the materials substitution described in Requirement 2. New after-tax income will be $370,000, and in Year 1, the premium will be 11 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. In Year 2, it will be 8 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. (Hint: You will calculate three EVAs for this requirement.) EVA Year 1 $ Year 1 (11% premium) $ Year 2 (8% premium) $

Overhead Variances, Four-Variance Analysis, Journal Entries

Laughlin, Inc., uses a standard costing system. The predetermined overhead rates are calculated using practical capacity. Practical capacity for a year is defined as 1,000,000 units requiring 200,000 standard direct labor hours. Budgeted overhead for the year is $750,000, of which $300,000 is fixed overhead. During the year, 900,000 units were produced using 190,000 direct labor hours. Actual annual overhead costs totaled $800,000, of which $294,700 is fixed overhead.

Required:

1. Calculate the fixed overhead spending and volume variances.

2. Calculate the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances.

3. Prepare the journal entries that reflect the following:

1. Assignment of overhead to production
2. Recognition of the incurrence of actual overhead
3. Recognition of overhead variances
4. Closing out overhead variances, assuming they are not material

Note: Close the variances with a debit balance first. For compound entries, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or enter "0".

interstate Manufacturing is considering either replacing one of its old machines with a new machine or having the old machine overhauled. Information about the two alternatives follows. Management requires a 10% rate of return on its investments. (PV of $1, FV of $1, PVA of $1, and FVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)

Alternative 1: Keep the old machine and have it overhauled. If the old machine is overhauled, it will be kept for another five years and then sold for its salvage value.

Alternative 2: Sell the old machine and buy a new one. The new machine is more efficient and will yield substantial operating cost savings with more product being produced and sold.

1. What is treasury stock? Explain and discuss some of the reasons a corporation may purchase treasury stock.

2. What is a stock dividend? Describe and discuss reasons why a company would choose to give dividends in the form of stock rather than cash. In your response explain how issuance of a stock dividend affects the accounting records.

Pureform, Inc., uses the FIFO method in its process costing system. It manufactures a product that passes through two departments. Data for a recent month for the first department follow: Units Materials Labor Overhead Work in process inventory, beginning 65,000 $ 68,500 $ 5,700 $ 21,400 Units started in process 617,000 Units transferred out 610,000 Work in process inventory, ending 72,000 Cost added during the month $ 1,484,100 $ 268,290 $ 327,910 The beginning work in process inventory was 75% complete with respect to materials and 60% complete with respect to labor and overhead. The ending work in process inventory was 55% complete with respect to materials and 35% complete with respect to labor and overhead. Required: 1. Compute the first department's equivalent units of production for materials, labor, and overhead for the month. 2. Compute the first department's cost per equivalent unit for materials, labor, overhead, and in total for the month. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

Direct Labor and Direct Materials Variances, Journal Entries

Jameson Company produces paper towels. The company has established the following direct materials and direct labor standards for one case of paper towels:

During the first quarter of the year, Jameson produced 45,000 cases of paper towels. The company purchased and used 135,700 pounds of paper pulp at $0.38 per pound. Actual direct labor used was 91,000 hours at $12.10 per hour.

Required:

Instructions for parts 1 and 2: If a variance is zero, enter "0" and select "Not applicable" from the drop down box.

1. Calculate the direct materials price and usage variances.

2. Calculate the direct labor rate and efficiency variances.

3. Prepare the journal entries for (1) the direct materials price variance, (2) the direct materials usage variance, and (3) the direct labor variances. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or enter "0".

On January 1, 2017, Fisher Corporation purchased 40 percent (90,000 shares) of the common stock of Bowden, Inc. for $980,000 in cash and began to use the equity method for the investment. The price paid represented a $48,000 payment in excess of the book value of Fisher's share of Bowden's underlying net assets. Fisher was willing to make this extra payment because of a recently developed patent held by Bowden with a 15-year remaining life. All other assets were considered appropriately valued on Bowden's books.

Bowden declares and pays a $90,000 cash dividend to its stockholders each year on September 15. Bowden reported net income of $400,000 in 2017 and $348,000 in 2018. Each income figure was earned evenly throughout its respective year.

On July 1, 2018, Fisher sold 10 percent (22,500 shares) of Bowden's outstanding shares for $338,000 in cash. Although it sold this interest, Fisher maintained the ability to significantly influence Bowden's decision-making process.

Prepare the journal entries for Fisher for the years of 2017 and 2018. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar.)

• 1 Record cost of 90,000 shares of Bowden Company.

• 2 Record the annual dividend declared and received from Bowden.

• 3 Record accrue 2017 income based on 40% ownership of Bowden.

• 4 Record amortization of $48,000 excess patent fair value [indicated in problem] over 15 years.

• 5Record the entry to accrue ½ year income of 40% ownership.

• 6Record ½ year amortization of patent to establish correct book value for investment as of 7/1/18.

• 7Record 22,500 shares of Bowden Company sold; investment basis computed below.

• 8Record annual dividend declared and received.

• 9 Record ½ year income based on remaining 30% ownership.

• 10Record ½ year of patent amortization.

Pot Limited (Ltd) uses a perpetual inventory system. The company concluded the following transactions for material PSR 1 during April 2018:

Required:

Using the FIFO method of inventory valuation, calculate the cost of material PSR1 issued to production during April 2018.                

The following information is available to reconcile Branch Company’s book balance of cash with its bank statement cash balance as of July 31, 2017.

1. On July 31, the company’s Cash account has a $25,648 debit balance, but its July bank statement shows a $27,964 cash balance.
2. Check No. 3031 for $1,510 and Check No. 3040 for $747 were outstanding on the June 30 bank reconciliation. Check No. 3040 is listed with the July canceled checks, but Check No. 3031 is not. Also, Check No. 3065 for $531 and Check No. 3069 for $2,278, both written in July, are not among the canceled checks on the July 31 statement.
3. In comparing the canceled checks on the bank statement with the entries in the accounting records, it is found that Check No. 3056 for July rent expense was correctly written and drawn for $1,280 but was erroneously entered in the accounting records as $1,270.
4. The July bank statement shows the bank collected $5,500 cash on a noninterest-bearing note for Branch, deducted a $28 collection expense, and credited the remainder to its account. Branch had not recorded this event before receiving the statement.
5. The bank statement shows an $805 charge for a $795 NSF check plus a $10 NSF charge. The check had been received from a customer, Evan Shaw. Branch has not yet recorded this check as NSF.
6. The July statement shows a $8 bank service charge. It has not yet been recorded in miscellaneous expenses because no previous notification had been received.
7. Branch’s July 31 daily cash receipts of $6,652 were placed in the bank’s night depository on that date but do not appear on the July 31 bank statement.

Problem 6-4A Part 1

Required:

1. Prepare the bank reconciliation for this company as of July 31, 2017.