Millard Corporation is a wholesale distributor of office products. It purchases office products from manufacturers and distributes them in the West, Central, and East regions. Each of these regions is about the same size and each has its own manager and sales staff.

The company has been experiencing losses for many months. In an effort to improve performance, management has requested that the monthly income statement be segmented by sales region. The company’s first effort at preparing a segmented income statement for May is given below.

Variable expenses:

Total variable expenses

Traceable fixed expenses:

Total traceable fixed expenses

Common fixed expenses:

Total common fixed expense

Net operating income (loss)

Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

Suppose you have decided to start a business producing and selling a product of your choice from the following options: custom birthday cakes, lawn mowers or sport jackets.

For your essay, answer the following questions related to your product:

• Briefly describe the product you would produce and sell. What market will you target this product for? At what price would you sell your product? Make a projection of your sales in units for the first year of operations.
• Make a detailed list of the materials needed to make your product. (Use the textbook and/or outside research as necessary.) How much in materials will you need for the year? What is the cost of these materials?
• Make a list of expenses you would incur in your business venture. (Use the textbook and/or outside research as necessary.) Examples include rent, utilities, insurance, direct labor, manufacturing overhead costs and so on. Estimate the cost of each of these expenses per year.
• Classify all of your expenses as either fixed or variable, and calculate how many units of your product you would need to sell to break even.
• How much operating income would you like to earn in the first year? Calculate how many units you would need to sell to meet your target profit.
• How realistic is your potential venture? Do you think your target profit is achievable? Explain.

Marvel Parts, Inc., manufactures auto accessories. One of the company’s products is a set of seat covers that can be adjusted to fit nearly any small car. The company has a standard cost system in use for all of its products. According to the standards that have been set for the seat covers, the factory should work 980 hours each month to produce 1,960 sets of covers. The standard costs associated with this level of production are:

During August, the factory worked only 1,000 direct labor-hours and produced 2,100 sets of covers. The following actual costs were recorded during the month:

At standard, each set of covers should require 2.5 yards of material. All of the materials purchased during the month were used in production.

Required:

1. Compute the materials price and quantity variances for August.

2. Compute the labor rate and efficiency variances for August.

3. Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances for August.

(Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

1. The December 31, 2016, statement of financial position of Cotton Corporation includes the following:

9% bonds payable due December 31, 2025     $718,900

The bonds have a face value of $700,000 and were issues on December 31, 2015, at 103, with interest payable on July 1 and December 31 of each year. Cotton uses straight-line amortization to amortize bond premiums or discount. On March 1, 2017, Cotton retired $280,000 of these bonds at 98 plus accrued interest. Ignoring income taxes, what should cotton record as a gain on retirement bonds?

1. $7,560
2. $13,020
3. $13,160
4. $14,000

1. Direct incremental costs incurred to sell shares, such as underwriting costs, should be accounted for as:

1. a reduction of share capital
2. an expense of the period in which the shares are issued
3. an intangible asset
4. a reduction of retained earnings

chapter is about FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE POLICY

1. Identify the impact of taxes ad bankruptcy on capital structure choices.

2. What are the essentials of the bankruptcy process?

3. What is the relationship between the value of an unlevered firm and the value of a levered firm once we consider the effect of corporate taxes?

Williams Corp is a manufacturer that is considering adding a new product line - either tillers for tractors (Proposal A) or trailers for trucks (Proposal B). To do so, it will need to invest in new equipment. Williams Corp. has gathered the following information about each proposal: Proposal A's equipment will cost $8,390,000 and is expected to result in annual net cash inflows of $1,530,000 over nine years, with zero residual value at the end of nine years. Proposal B's equipment will cost $7,880,000 and is expected to generate net cash inflows of $980,000 per year for nine years. Estimated residual value for Plan B is $1,075,000. Williams Corp. uses straight-line depreciation and requires an annual rate of return of 6%.

Note: At a 6% discount rate, the present value of annuity of $1 for 9 years is 6.802, and the present value of $1 for 9 years is 0.592.

Answer the following questions. Each question is worth 1 point.

1. Compute depreciation expense per year for Proposal A (using straight-line depreciation):

2. Compute payback period for Proposal A (round answer to one decimal place):

3. Compute accounting rate of return for Proposal B (calculate answer to three decimal places; for example, enter 11.8% as 0.118):

4. Compute net present value (NPV) for Proposal B. Enter as a positive number if NPV is positive, otherwise as a negative. (round answer to the nearest dollar):

5. What is the internal rate of return (IRR) for Proposal A? Enter as a percentage not decimal; e.g., 8.12 not .0812. (Hint: Use an excel formula)

Kenneth Jones opened a real estate agency called Kenneth Jones Realty & recorded the following transactions. Use the acctg equation to record the transactions into journals and T-accounts.

May 1              Invested $10,000 in the business.

May 1              Shared an office with another realtor and paid $2,000 for May rent.

May 3              Paid $400 for May’s janitorial services.

May 3              Paid company cash for office supplies at Office Max for $570.

May 9              Sold a home and immediately collected a commission of $7,400.

May 12            Sold a home but did not immediately collect the commission of $8,200 due to complications at closing.

May 14            Purchased stamps at the U. S. Post Office for $125 using a credit card, which is recorded as Accounts Payable.

May 16            Charged on account an advertisement announcing the opening of the realty business at the Commercial Appeal, $85.

May 17            Sold a home and immediately collected the commission, $4,500

May 18            Bought a computer and printer on account for $1,200.

May 18            Purchased Microsoft office software to install on the computer for $150.

May 18            Signed up for a monthly internet connection to the computer and immediately paid $25 for May.

May 22            Collected the commission of May 12; complications have been resolved.                           

May 23            Paid the month’s telephone bill, $185.

May 24            Paid ½ of the month’s utility bill of $350. Kenneth’s share is $175.

May 31            Kenneth withdrew $2,500 of business cash for personal use.

May 31            Paid $1,900 to a secretary-receptionist.

Wheeling Company is a merchandiser that provided a balance sheet as of September 30 as shown below:

The company is in the process of preparing a budget for October and has assembled the following data:

1. Sales are budgeted at $360,000 for October and $370,000 for November. Of these sales, 35% will be for cash; the remainder will be credit sales. Forty percent of a month’s credit sales are collected in the month the sales are made, and the remaining 60% is collected in the following month. All of the September 30 accounts receivable will be collected in October.

2. The budgeted cost of goods sold is always 45% of sales and the ending merchandise inventory is always 30% of the following month’s cost of goods sold.

3. All merchandise purchases are on account. Thirty percent of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 70% are paid for in the following month. All of the September 30 accounts payable to suppliers will be paid during October.

4. Selling and administrative expenses for October are budgeted at $80,600, exclusive of depreciation. These expenses will be paid in cash. Depreciation is budgeted at $3,090 for the month.

Required:

1. Using the information provided, calculate or prepare the following:

a. The budgeted cash collections for October.

b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October.

c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October.

d. The budgeted net operating income for October.

e. A budgeted balance sheet at October 31.

2. Assume the following changes to the underlying budgeting assumptions:

(1) 50% of a month’s credit sales are collected in the month the sales are made and the remaining 50% is collected in the following month, (2) the ending merchandise inventory is always 10% of the following month’s cost of goods sold, and (3) 20% of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 80% are paid for in the following month. Using these new assumptions, calculate or prepare the following:

a. The budgeted cash collections for October.

b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October.

c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October.

d. Net operating income for the month of October.

e. A budgeted balance sheet at October 31.

The Production Department of Hruska Corporation has submitted the following forecast of units to be produced by quarter for the upcoming fiscal year:

Each unit requires 0.30 direct labor-hours and direct laborers are paid $12.50 per hour.

In addition, the variable manufacturing overhead rate is $1.50 per direct labor-hour. The fixed manufacturing overhead is $94,000 per quarter. The only noncash element of manufacturing overhead is depreciation, which is $34,000 per quarter.

Required:

1. Calculate the company’s total estimated direct labor cost for each quarter of the upcoming fiscal year and for the year as a whole. Assume that the direct labor workforce is adjusted each quarter to match the number of hours required to produce the estimated number of units produced.

2&3. Calculate the company’s total estimated manufacturing overhead cost and the cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead for each quarter of the upcoming fiscal year and for the year as a whole.

Projected growth rate 20% Tax rate 21% Operating capacity 93% Sales $198,000,000 Cost of goods sold 128,600,000 Other expenses 31,500,000 Depreciation 10,500,000 EBIT $27,400,000 Interest 4,350,000 EBT $23,050,000 Taxes (21%) 4,840,500 Net income $18,209,500 Dividends $9,500,000 Additions to retained earnings 8,709,500 Assets Liabilities & Equity Current assets Current liabilities Cash $1,358,000 Accounts payable $2,400,000 Accounts receivable 4,180,000 Notes payable 5,830,000 Inventory 8,753,000 Total $8,230,000 Total $14,291,000 Long-term debt $67,500,000 Owners' equity Fixed assets Common stock and paid-in surplus $8,000,000 Net plant and equipment $125,580,000 Accumulated retained earnings 56,141,000 Total $64,141,000 Total assets $139,871,000 Total liabilities and owners' equity $139,871,000

Prepare the pro forma financial statements and calculate the EFN.

Pearl Products Limited of Shenzhen, China, manufactures and distributes toys throughout South East Asia. Three cubic centimeters (cc) of solvent H300 are required to manufacture each unit of Supermix, one of the company’s products. The company now is planning raw materials needs for the third quarter, the quarter in which peak sales of Supermix occur. To keep production and sales moving smoothly, the company has the following inventory requirements:

1. The finished goods inventory on hand at the end of each month must equal 4,000 units of Supermix plus 25% of the next month’s sales. The finished goods inventory on June 30 is budgeted to be 21,250 units.

2. The raw materials inventory on hand at the end of each month must equal one-half of the following month’s production needs for raw materials. The raw materials inventory on June 30 is budgeted to be 105,375 cc of solvent H300.

3. The company maintains no work in process inventories.

A monthly sales budget for Supermix for the third and fourth quarters of the year follows.

Required:

1. Prepare a production budget for Supermix for the months July, August, September, and October.

3. Prepare a direct materials budget showing the quantity of solvent H300 to be purchased for July, August, and September, and for the quarter in total.

Discuss the economic impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) on:

1. U.S. corporations.

2. U.S. economy

3. Other countries including tax havens

The following data relate to the operations of Shilow Company, a wholesale distributor of consumer goods:

The gross margin is 25% of sales.

Actual and budgeted sales data:

Sales are 60% for cash and 40% on credit. Credit sales are collected in the month following sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales.

Each month’s ending inventory should equal 80% of the following month’s budgeted cost of goods sold.

One-half of a month’s inventory purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable at March 31 are the result of March purchases of inventory.

Monthly expenses are as follows: commissions, 12% of sales; rent, $1,900 per month; other expenses (excluding depreciation), 6% of sales. Assume that these expenses are paid monthly. Depreciation is $918 per month (includes depreciation on new assets).

Equipment costing $1,100 will be purchased for cash in April.

Management would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of at least $4,000 at the end of each month. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $20,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter.

Required:

Using the preceding data:

1. Complete the schedule of expected cash collections.

2. Complete the merchandise purchases budget and the schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases.

3. Complete the cash budget.

4. Prepare an absorption costing income statement for the quarter ended June 30.

5. Prepare a balance sheet as of June 30.

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $30 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 13,000 Units per Year Direct materials $ 13 $ 169,000 Direct labor 9 117,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 3 39,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 3 * 39,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 6 78,000 Total cost $ 34 $ 442,000 *One-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: 1. Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors, what would be the financial advantage (disadvantage) of buying 13,000 carburetors from the outside supplier? 2. Should the outside supplier’s offer be accepted? 3. Suppose that if the carburetors were purchased, Troy Engines, Ltd., could use the freed capacity to launch a new product. The segment margin of the new product would be $130,000 per year. Given this new assumption, what would be the financial advantage (disadvantage) of buying 13,000 carburetors from the outside supplier? 4. Given the new assumption in requirement 3, should the outside supplier’s offer be accepted?