Question

part 1)

What are the functions of the following organelles? (mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, centrioles, and cilia/flagella)

What is cell transport?

part2)

What are the two types of cell transport? How are they similar? How are they different?

Answer 1

Answer
1) Nuceloid :
membrane is absent
Composed of chromosomes without histone protein
- Genetic material of prokaryotes responsible for inheritance and expression of characters
- present in prokaryotes
- absent in eukaryotes plants and animals.

2) Nucleus
- bounded by nuclear membrane
- composed of Chromatins and chromosomes, nucleolus and nuceloplasm
- directing the cell metabolism and site for DNA replication
- absent in prokaryotes
- present in eukaryotes animals And
Plants.

3) Ribosomes:
- not membrane bound
- made up of Ribosomal RNA and proteins
- site of protein synthesis
- present in prokaryotes eukaryotes plants and animals

4) rough endoplasmic reticulum :
- double membrane bound
- composed of cisternae tubules and vesicles. Ribosomes attached to its surface
- site of protein synthesis
- present in eukaryotes plants and animals
- absent in prokaryotes

5) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum :
- double membrane bound
- similarl to rough endoplasmic reticulum except ribosomes are absent
- site of Lipid and steroid synthesis
- present in eukaryotes plants and animals
- absent in prokaryotes

6) Golgi complex:
- double membrane bound
- similarl to rough endoplasmic reticulum except ribosomes are absent
- site of concentration of materials and modifications material and packing of materials for secretion.
- present in eukaryotes plants and animals
- absent in prokaryotes

7) Lysosome :
- single membrane bound
- composed of hydrolytic enzymes
- responsible for digestion of materials
- present in eukaryotes plants and animals
- absent in prokaryotes

8) peroxisomes
- single membrane bound
- composed of catalase and oxidase enzymes
- responsible for oxidation reaction
- present in plants and eukaryotes
- absent in prokaryotes and animals

9) Vacuoles :
- single membrane bound
- composed of organic and inorganic molecules
- responsible for storage and excretion in unicellular
- present in plants and eukaryote
- absent in animals and prokaryotes

10)cilia and flagella are responsible for motility of the cell. These are evaginations of the plasma membrane and they are made up of microtubules.

11) Centrioles are non membrane bound organelles.
- It is responsible for formation of spindle fibers
- It forms base for the cilia and flagella

Types of transport :-
1) Active transport
2) Passive transport

Similarities :- Both of them can use carrier proteins to transport molecules.

Differences :-
Active transport moves molecules against concentration gradient using energy.

Passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using energy