Question

Prepare a table classifying the following organelles: endoplasmic reticulum, ribersomes, Golgi apparatuses, mitochondria, lysosome, proteasomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, cell fibers, centrosome, centrioles, and cell extensions. Include the following columns: organelle name, function, and structure. Include a column indicating whether the structure is membranous surrounded by a bilayer of phospholipids.

Answer 1

ORGANELLE NAME	FUNCTION	STRUCTURE	BILAYER PHOSPHOLIPID	DIAGRAM
1. Endoplasmic reticulum : type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened,tube like structures known as cisternae.These are of two types : rough (granular) and smooth (non granular)	Serves many functions including folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to golgi apparatus	The general structure of endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes called cisternae.These sac like structures are held together by cytoskeleton.The phospholipid membrane encloses the cisternal space which is continous with perinuclear space but separate from cytosol.	has a double layer of phospholipids
2. Ribosomes: complex molecular machine found within all living cells that serve as a site of biological protein synthesis	Ribosomes are minute particles consisting of RNA and proteins that function to synthesize proteins.Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum.Act as catalyst in two important biological processes called peptidyl transfer and peptidyl hydrolysis.	They have a flattened spherical shape with a diameter ranging between 15 to 25nm.They are made of two major subunits.The smaller subunit reads the mRNA code,where as the larger subunit assembles the polypeptide chain from amino acid.Each subunit also contains rRNA.	No membrane
Golgi Apparatus : Also known as golgi complex,golgi body found in eukaryotic cell	Major function is modifying sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion.Also involved in transport of lipids around the cell and creation of lysosomes.Proteins are synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum and travel to golgi body where they are processed and sent throughout the cell.	Membrane bound organelles which are sac like found in cytoplasm of the cell.They are composed of stacks of structures known as cisternae. Each cisternae is a disc enclosed in a membrane.	contains bilayered phospholipids
Mitochondria	function is to produce energy through respiration.they can store calcium for the cell's homeostasis of calcium	they are commonly between 0.75 in diameter.There are five distinct parts namely , the outer membrane,inner membrane,the cisternae space,the mmatrix,the space between inner and outer membrane	contains two layers
Lysosome	One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is Lysosome.They contain digestive enzymes to digest excess or worn out organelles food particles and engulf viruses or bacteria	spherical bodies or vacuoles enclosed by a single membrane	contains single membrane
Proteasomes	proteinions are proteases complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged protein by proteolysis.Enzymes that help such react	Cylindrical complex containing a core of four stacked rings forming a central pore.Each ring is composed of seven individual proteins	No
Peroxisome	have two diffrent functions : break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as a fuel for respiration and transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide into water	Since they are not created from endomembrane system they are bound by a single membrane.The end result is a single membrane bound organelle with lipids and proteins	contains single layer
Cytoskeleton	Network of microfilaments ,intermediate filaments and microtubules.It gives shape to cells lacking a cell wall , allowing for cell and organelle movement during endocytosis and cell division	It is a complex dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments that extend from cell nucleus to cell membrane	No
cell fibers	Gives strength and support to tissue in plant cells.	Thick walled cells often occur in bundles that give strength and support to tissue.They are one type of sclerenchyma cell.	No
Centrosome	Main function is to organize microtubules and provide structure for the cell as well as work to pull chromatids apart during cell division	Structures found in the cell made from two centrioles	No
Centriole	helps in cell division and formation of spindle fibres	Cylindrical cellular organelle composed of protein called tubulin.They are surrounded by a shapless mass of dense material called centromere	No
Cell extensions	receiving signals from nearby cells for passing information on to other cells	specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface. eg. axons,flagella,pseudopodia	No

The cell organelles are very minute and has many functions out of which i have discussed only important functions of each.

Hope this was helpful.

thanks..........