Question

Compare and contrast the different types of chemical bonds and define the terms chemical bond, covalent bond (including polar and nonpolar), ionic bond, and hydrogen bond.

Answer 1

Chemical bond - Chemical bond is elctrostatic force of attraction between atom that bind atom into molecule. chemical bond may form attraction between two oppositly chaged ion or shairing of electon.

Covalent bond - bond foemed by shairing of elctron called cavalent bond

eg. bond between Cl₂ molecule in this molecule two atom of Cl shaire each one electron form bond and become Cl₂ molecule. Cl atom of 7 electron in last shell hence have 1 electron less to comlete octate both atom shaire 1 electron and form covalent bond and octate of both Cl get complete.

Polar covalent bond - covalent bond fomed between two diffrent atom have more electronegativity diffrence are polar covalent bond because more electronegative atom attract electron cloud more itself and get partial negetive charge and other get partial possitive charge that mean bond become polar.

eg . H + Cl HCl

in this reaction Cl and H shair one- one electron to form covalent bond. but Cl is more electronegative than H therefore bond is polar as denoted below

H + Cl H⁺ - Cl^-

non polar covalent bond - when covalent bond formed between two same element atom or atom have small electronegativity diffrence then bond is non polar covalent bond

eg. H + H    H₂

in this reaction 2 H atom shair one-one electron form H₂ molecule bond is non polar covalent because both atom have same electronegativity.

Ionic bond - bond formed by one atom give electron to another atom hence bond formed by lossing or gaining electron called ionic bond. after donation of electron atom become possitiely chaged ion and other which accept electron become negatively charged ion these ion bind together by elctrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ion called ionic bond

eg. - Na + Cl   NaCl

in this reaction Na give one electron to Cl and Na become Na⁺ and accept electron and Cl become Cl^- ion these oppositly charged ion form ionic bond and become NaCl molecule.

Hydrogen bond - hydrogen bond is intermolecular attraction between hydrogen and highly electronegative atom such as Oxygen, Flurine and nitrogen.

eg . H - O - H -------OH₂

in this example H atom of one water molecule form hedrogen bond with oxygen atom of another water molecule.