Question

Chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds and ionic bonds, are important in forming complex

molecules and compounds. How does each type of bond form? In the response, explain the role that electrons play in covalent and ionic bonds.

Answer 1

IONIC BOND: It involves in complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms and generates two oppositely charged ions.  Ionic bonds require an electron donor (metal-positively charged cation) and an electron acceptor (nonmetal-negatively charged anion).

These are electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged atoms. The polar water molecules cluster around both fully charged ions and polar molecules that contain permanent dipoles which reduces the potential attractiveness of these charged species for each other.

The arrangement of the positive and negative ions in the solid is in the form of lattice of crystalline compounds

COVALENT BOND: It involves in sharing of valence electrons between atoms having similar electronegativities (the same affinity for electrons). Because both atoms have the same affinity for electrons and neither has a tendency to donate them, they share electrons in order to achieve octet configuration and become more stable.

The formation and cleavage of covalent bonds are violent events and in living cells they are carefully controlled by highly specific catalysts called enzymes. Polar covalent bonds are important in biology because they form permanent dipoles that allow molecules to interact through electrical forces.

when two atoms share one electron pair so formed is called single covalent bond. If two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the covalent bond between them is called a double bond. The formation of multiple bonds invovles sharing of more than one electron pair between two atoms.