Question

Attempt All the Questions: Module: Organizational Behaviour

1) Discuss the theories of motivation and their influence in work performance

2) Discuss the various styles of leadership in the modern day environment

Answer 1

1. The theories of motivation and their influence in work performance are as follows:

a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs: According to Maslow the motivation comes from the different types of needs that are placed in the form of hierarchy. The following are the hierarchy of needs:

i. Physiological needs: It includes the basic needs which is shelter, food, water, etc.

ii. Saftey needs: This includes job security, healthy, etc.

iii. Social needs: This includes belongliness, acceptance is the society, love etc.

iv. Self-esteem needs- This comes in the forth category. This includes respect,status, achievements, etc.

v. Sel-actualization: It is the top mostt level of needs in the model. This includes the realizatio of personal growth, satisfaction, potentials, etc.

When a person is working he is motivated by the needs in his life and so that the needs of the persons are met. This needs are the reason of a employee's behaviour.

b) Hertzberg's two factor theory: This model is classified into two categories which is hygine factors which is the job dissatisfaction which includes policies of the organization, salary, job security,interpersonal relations, working environment, etc. and other one is motivating factors which is the job satisfactons and it includes achievement, self recognization, growth, responsibility, etc.

The motivating factors here will help the employee to work in a productive way in the organization.

c. Theory of expectancy by Vroom:

This theory includes three elements which are expectancy, instrumentality and valence which when combined gives the person a motivational force.

i) Expectancy- Is about what an individual expects from the organization by giving his hard work. This about the efficiency of the person, goal difficulty and the control of the employee over the expected resluts.

ii) Instrumentality- This is about the results that an employee expects from the organization if they fulfill the needs.

iii) Valence: This includes the value given by the employee on the rewards of the rsults he gets in the end.

If rewards are given in the poitive results of the employee then the employees will perform in a better way. But it must be made sure that the rewards the good enough.

d. McClelland's theory of needs:

According to McClelland has 3 movtivators which are:

i) Achivements- Achivements motivates people to work with passion. These achivements helps to egt recognization in the work place or society.

ii) Power: This alows the employee to have control to have an impact and influence to icrease status.

iii) Affiliation: This includes the sense of belongliness among the people and acceptance in the society.

This motivating elements are developed in the work environment with the work and experience that will help the employees to keep motivated in their work place.

2. The various styles of leadership in the modern day environment are:

a) Democratic leadership: This is one of the effective leadership style. This allows the group members to give suggestion and dicussion in the given activity. Each persons are equally treated in the team no one is left out.

b) Autocratic leadership: This leadership style is not that effective. Here the leader don't take the suggestion of the employees or someone working under him. This leadership style promotes hegemony culture.

c) Free-rein leadership: Here the group members lead the group and take all the descisions for achieving the goals. This is not a effective style of leadership as the leader is not taking decisons and he let his member to take the decisions so it can be problematic.