Question

i need full report about ( nickel and nickel alloys ) please write about 6 page

should write reference please help me and write in computer not pen

Answer 1

ANSWER:

REPORT ON NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS

Nickel is a very old material and its alloys have very high importance too. These alloys are used from the start of the civilisation. Nickel and its alloys have good chemical properties which makes it better for the application such as tools, weapons, and different coins in which nickel is used in varying amount.

The future of nickel and its alloy is very bright and demanding as they forms elements which produce more better properties when alloyes with the other metals and materials. Thats why duw to very good property, nickel is used as a alloying element with various metals and improve the property.

Nickel has also one good property which is called solubility and its complete solubility with copper makes it more convinient to use by making different parts and components. It has also wide solubility range with iron and chromium.

Applications of nickel and its alloys

There are majority and variety of applications are available which is easily available with nickel and its alloys. Majorly corrosion resistance property of nickel makes it far far better than any other alloying element. Some application where nickel and its alloys are used widely are as given below

• Medical aplications like medical tools and appliances
• Petrochemical industries
• Chemical industries
• Aircraft gas turbine application
• Aircraft gas turbines
• Nuclear power plants
• Steam power plants

There are other no of applications of nickel and its alloys which are based on the physical properties and are given as below

• Heat resistant applications: Nickel based alloys are used in most high temperature applications as nickel and chromium alloys which contains more than 15 % of chromium shows good resistance to oxidation and carburization. These are used for harsh environment at high temperature and shows good resistance after 760 degree centigrade. In this catogary different material combination are as given below

1. Ni Cr alloys having up to 70% Nickel and small % of silicon

• Ni Cr Fe alloys which contains nearly 70% nickel and Si and I

• Corrosionn resistance: Nickel and its alloying elements are the best material or media which can offer bst corrosion resistance behaviour. It depens upon the corrosive media that how the surface of material will be affected under corrosion and how the metal will behave under the cirumstances.
• Electric resistance alloys: Various alloying elements with nickel is used in electrical applicances which varies from electrical equipment to control sytems. When they regulate electric charaterstics at that time these elements act as resisting alloys and when used in application of furnaces and applications to generate heat, is called heating alloys.These types of alloys can be given as different alloying combinations with nickel and as given below

1. Ni Cr Si alloys containing up to 80% of Nickel
2. Ni Cr Fe alloys containing up to 60% of Nickel
3. Ni Cr Al alloys and they can contain Nickel up to 95%
4. Cu Ni alloys containing up to 30 % nickel

• Low expansion alloys:Nickel and its alloys have a very high impact on the thermal expansion of irons. With the various ranges of temperature, nickel based alloys over various ranges of temperature can depicts different thermal expansion ranges. Addition of cobalt with the nickel and iron can produce the alloys which will be having low coficient of expansion, high strength and constant modulus of elesticity. Iron nickel alloys which are also known as INVAR has loweest expansion and in atmospheric conditions they have contant dimensions.
• Soft magnetic alloys: These are NI Fe based alloys which are also known as high nickel alloys and they have high permeabilty and low induction at saturation. Nickel % is around 80% and molebidenum is also used up to 2%
• Shape memory alloys: Metallic materials which have the ability to returns back to its previous shape when the heating media is removed are called shape memory alloys and they are vastly used now a days. Nickel and titanium combination with 50-50% of the contribution is the most used shape memory alloy.

Commercial nickel and its alloys

The commercial nickel is the the nickel and nickel based alloys which are having fully austenite structure and having high resistance to aques corrosion and high temperature resistance

• Commperically pure and low alloy nicles are used in producing of powders and in anode form. It should have the controlled nickel contents to acheive the best result
• These metals have high density and offer better magnetic and electronic property
• They also have high corrosion resistance
• Good thermal transfer characterstics
• There are Nickel 200, Nickel 201, Nickel 270 etc which are known as commercial nickels
• Cobination of nickel and copper alloys have high resistance to corrosion in sea water and chemical environments
• These are used in various nuclear submarines and under water applications
• Differnet heat temperature application can be created by changing the composition.
• Nickel chromium and nickel chromium iron series have higher strength and resistance to hig temperatures. They are used in military system for power generation. These are known as Alloy 600 and Nimonic alloys
• Some high temperature nickel alloys which are used currently arr Alloy 601. Alloy X750, Alloy 718, Waspalloy used in various applications as age hardening, avoiding cracks during welding process, jet engine applicatiopns, flat rolled products for airospace application where nickel based alloys are ajorly used as we discussed before, military power system applications, for improved oxidationa nd nitriding resistance
• Some corrosion resistance nickel based alloys are Alloy0625, Alloy g3, Alloy C-22, Alloy C-276, lloy 690. They are used in various corrosion resistance phenomenon and applicationas pitting and cervice corrosion resistance,excellent resistance to oxidation and nitric acid.
• Soft magnetic alloys: The nickel iron alloys shows a better magnetic permeability properties which are very important in electrnics applications. Used in direct current motors and generator designs which are directly designed and made on the basis of nickel based alloys as per the high magnetic permeability property.
• Welding alloys: Nickel based filler metals are used for ensuring proper deoxidation of the molten material inside the weld pool and to avoid any hot shot crack and other mechanical melleabilty problems, for this titanium, magnesium and other elements are mixed with the nickel based alloys