Question

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For 3 marks question you should answer at least one complete page of word document.

For 4 marks question you should answer at

least one and half e pages of word document. For 5 marks question you should answer at least two pages of word document.

This assignment has 4 parts each part carries different Marks. Maximum marks is 50 Marks.

11. Digester in the biogas plant most important part. Explain about low-cost polyethylene tube digester biogas plants and how methane is formed.

3 Marks

12. Write about the different types of biofuel and explain the difference between

trans esterification and fermentation?

Page 4 of 5

13. List the sources of bio mass. With your thinking mention the innovative methods we can adopt to transport this bio waste to the place of Bio gas plant.

3 Marks

14. Explain the gasification process solid bio fuels. What are the useful gases we will get from the gasification process? The end product produced from the gasification process can it be used to run commercial vehicles?

3 Marks

Answer 1

11. A polyethylene tube biodigester is typically characterized by a raised inlet trough, a long, flexible fermenting reservoir with a gas vent tube, and a slurry output. The exceedingly simple design and low cost of a PET digester and its lack of moving parts means that the system is inherently reliable and cost effective.

In an enclosed chamber, controlled anaerobic digestion of organic matter produces biogas which is predominantly methane. When methane gas (biogas) and oxygen (air) combine in the fuel cell, it produces electricity along with water and carbon dioxide.

12 .

First Generation Biofuel

First generation biofuels are made from sugar, starch, or vegetable oil. They differ from “second generation biofuels” in that their feedstock (the plant or algal material from which they are generated) is not sustainable/green or, if used in large quantity, would have a large impact on the food supply. First generation biofuels are the “original” biofuels and constitute the majority of biofuels currently in use

Second Generation Biofuels

Second generation biofuels are “greener” in that they are made from sustainable feedstock. In this use, the term sustainable is defined by the availability of the feedstock, the impact of its use on greenhouse gas emissions, its impact on biodiversity, and its impact on land use (water, food supply, etc.). At this point, most second generation fuels are underdevelopment and not widely available for use.

Trasn-esterification	Fermentation
The transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oils is the process behind conventional biodiesel. In the transesterification process a glyceride reacts with an alcohol (typically methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst forming fatty acid alkyl esters and an alcohol.	The common method for converting biomass into ethanol is called fermentation. During fermentation, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and yeast) metabolize plant sugars and produce ethanol.

13. Sources of biomass are:-

wood

agricultural products

solid waste

landfill gas

biogas

alcohol fuels ( Ethanol and Biodiesel )

The biowaste can be transported easily with the help of a river flow, all the collected biowaste has to filled in balls of plastic that float on water and then dumped into the river, these balls can then be collected at the place of the biogas plant near the river, this method will not harm the fauna existing in the river and will only need minimal investment for transport and these plastic balls can be reused.

14. Gasification is a process that converts organic- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam