Question

according to the article, how a suburban is socially constructed,please discuss the main charateristic of suburban.

Answer 1

A suburban area is a community outside an urban center and its outskirts regardless of administrative boundaries. Popular characteristics of these communities are single-family homes including shopping malls, streets, and office buildings. Suburban populations also have more job opportunities than rural areas, but maybe not as much as urban. Overall, suburban residents tend to be in better shape than rural or urban residents. In suburban neighborhoods, people seem to be more educated. Suburban residents are more likely to have adequate health benefits and benefit from higher life expectancy, improved access to health services, and improved standard of care. People living in suburban areas also benefit from affordable food access and preferences, physical activity and recreation facilities , services such as sanitation, health and dental care, transportation and even digital telecommunications. Those living in suburban areas pay less total house-building costs. People living in the suburbs prefer to live longer, healthier, safer compared to urban areas due to less traffic and less pollution. Suburban regions have lower population density. Within the suburban majority of residential housing, single-family homes are mostly detached or row house, along with low-rise industrial buildings or warehouses. Low-density detached and Rowhouse areas are mainly residential, while high-density urban areas are oriented to industrial and transportation. There has been a growing number of immigrants moving to suburban areas , resulting in suburban communities becoming more diverse with respect to race , ethnicity , language, and religion.
We use suburban housing divisions to assess high and low propensity to access a particular environmental resource such as free or subsidized healthy food and health care, the latent income metric being individuals' willingness to pay for the resource. We then use our socioeconomic class measure to capture occupational class and assess their children's legal status, using the intergenerational transfer method. We note that as low income (i.e. , low socioeconomic class) decreases and high income (i.e. , high socioeconomic class) rises, socially constructed barriers to these opportunities decrease. Thus, as income inequality is reduced, wage inequality is also reduced. Increasing social stratification, however, is not correlated with a decline in income inequality. We note that decreases in social stratification are motivated by measures of lower class origin, with individuals residing in areas of high socioeconomic class more likely to be of lower class and individuals residing in areas of low socioeconomic class more likely to be of high socioeconomic class.