Question

1. What are the prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease, what are the possible biochemical mechanisms?

Answer 1

Parkinson's diseases is when there is damage of Basal Ganglia Substantia Nigra pars compacta which release Dopamine .It's is required for smooth coordinated function of movements .

Triad of Parkinsons Disease is Tremors ,Bradykinesia and Rigidity .All are motor symptoms .

Few symptoms are present many years before of motor symptoms known as Prodromal Symptoms .

Clinical symptoms reflecting early involvement of nondopaminergic neurons such as

1) Constipation,

Biochemical change ---> Intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites that primarily contain the protein α-synuclein in the Dorsal nucleus of Vagus and Enteric nervous system .

2)Anosmia,

Biochemical change ----> Lewy bodies in olfactory Bulb.

3)Rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorder,

4) Mood disorders and ,

Biochemical change --->involvement of the serotonergic raphe nuclei and the adrenergic locus ceruleus .

5)Cardiac denervation can precede the onset of the classic motor features of PD by several years if not decades.