Question

1- What is Parkinson's disease?

2. What is the progression of Parkison disease? Describe the stages

3.Which is the main pathology of Parkinson's disease that causes changes in muscular and sensory​ function?

A. Reduction of acetylcholine in the brain
B. Reduction of dopamine in the brain
C. Genetic predisposition
D. Presence of Lewy bodies

4. Which clinical manifestation would be required to confirm the diagnosis of Parkinson's​ disease?
A. Tremors at rest and bradykinesia
B. Bradykinesia only
C. Rigidity only
D. Tremor at rest and flaccidity

5. Which symptom for a client with Parkinson's disease​ (PD) is due to the lack of automatic muscle​ movement?
A. Diminished voice volume
B. Reduced ability to swallow
C. Alterations in sleep pattern
D. Diminished physical mobility

6. A client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease asks the​ nurse, "What does dopamine do in the​ brain?" Which is the most appropriate​ response?
A. "Dopamine enhances the action of​ acetylcholine."
B. "Dopamine causes spinal cord neurons to transmit​ impulses."
C. "Dopamine stimulates the neurons to transmit sensory and motor​ impulses."
D. "Dopamine helps maintain coordinated motor​ movement."

7. Which type of therapy is used to manage problems with eating and​ swallowing?
A. Physical
B. Occupational
C. Speech
D. Nutritional

8. An older adult client with Parkinson disease uses a​ walker, speaks in a slurred manner with poor​ articulation, but tries to speak louder to accommodate for this impairment. The client​ states, "I catch my daughter looking at me angrily​ sometimes, but she​ doesn't say​ anything." Which nursing diagnosis is the priority​?
A. Communication: Verbal, Impaired
B. Caregiver Role Strain
C. ​Falls, Risk for
D. Nutrition, Imbalanced: Less than Body Requirements

9. The healthcare provider of an older adult client with advancing Parkinson disease suggested that the client start an exercise regime. Which exercise should the nurse​ recommend?
A. T'ai chi
B. Running
C. Weight lifting
D. Football

10. An older adult client was diagnosed with Parkinson disease 3 months ago. Since the​ diagnosis, the client has not gone out of the house. Which statement by the nurse is most​ appropriate?
A. "Tell your family to come and take you out of the​ house."
B. "Can I ask why you​ aren't going out of the​ house?"
C. "You need to start getting​ out."
D. ​"Getting out of the house will help you to feel less​ depressed."

Answer 1

1) Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra. Mostly affecting older people ..

clinically characterized by tremors which are most conspicuous at rest and worsen with emotional stress .. other features are rigidity , disorder in gait and posture.

2) There are Five stages of Parkinson's Disease:

• Stage 1 : Mild Symptom : Tremor on one side and postural changes occur .
• Stage 2 : Moderate Symptoms with Facial Modifications: Tremors on Both sides of body observed
• Stage 3 : Progression of Disease : Imbalance of body and improper reflexes observed.
• Stage 4 : Drastic Change is occur : Personal Assistance is required even in simple task
• stage 5 : Advanve Stage with Aggressive Symptoms : Hallucinations and spasm occurs .

3 ) Correct Answer is Option B . ( Reduction in Dopamine in the brain ) Because , The Parkinson's Disease is basically neurodegenerative disorder which causes degeneration of nigrostriatal tract ( Dopaminergic tract )

4) Correct Answer is Option A .( tremors at rest and Bradykinesia )  Tremors cause due to , variation of the strength of dopamine-modulated connections in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop leads to the occurrence of tremor-like burst firing. And Hypokinesia is caused due to damage to Basal ganglia

5) Option B is correct . ( Reduced Ability to swallow )   Autonomic dysfunction often occurs in Parkinson's due to the loss of dopamine-producing cells and the presence of microscopic protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain.

6) Correct Answer is Option C ( Dopamine stimulates the neurons to transmit sensory and motor Impulses ) Dopamine is the sympathetic neurotransmitter .

7 ) Correct Answer is Option C ( Speech Therapy )   Speech therapy improves the problem of swallowing and eating by practicing some exercises

8) Correct Answer is Option B ( Caregiver Role Strain ) Here caretaker her Daughter seems to be in anxiety angry irrited  due to the behaviour changes of that pateint.. gives clue of Parkinson's disease

9) Correct Answer is Option A ( Tai Chi)   After doing tai chi on a regular basis, seniors can significantly lower their risk of falling and slow the progression of motor control loss

10) Correct Answer is Option D ( Getting out of the house will help you to feel less depressed )   Studies shows that Parkinson's associated with Depression .. and Increase further depression is precipitate the progression of Parkinson's disease .. so it is necessary to elevate mood of individual by doing some outdoor activities .. ( which increase Dopamine secretion and slows the progression of disease )