Question

Hearing

1. The receptor for hearing is the _________ which is located in the _________. The receptor has ______ and _______ hair cells. The __________ are responsible for hearing and the _______ are responsible for cochlear tuning.
2. The ________ are activated when their stereocilia __________ and are inhibited when the stereocilia __________. Bending of the stereocilia towards the _______open ________ to allow _______ to enter the cells. This causes depolarization of the _______ which activates ________.
3. Pathway
   1. Auditory nerve synapse in the _________ and activate secondary neurons which project to the ________ to activate tertiary neurons which project to the ________ to activate quarternary neurons which project to the _________ to activate 5^th order neurons that terminate in the _______ where hearing is perceived.  
4. Hearing loss
   1. Damage to the ________ leads to sensorineural hearing loss whereas obstruction or damage to the ________ may lead to conduction hearing loss.

Equilbrium

1. _____________ detect angular movements of the head; the _________ detects vertical movements of the head; the ________ detects horizontal movements of the head.
2. The equilibrium structures (apparatus) contain ________ which are depolarized when _________. These cells then activate __________ which terminate in the _________. Neurons then project to the _________ and then to the ________.

Answer 1

Hearing

The receptor for hearing is the _Organ of corti_______ which is located in the __Cochlea_______. The receptor has __Outer____ and ___inner____ hair cells. The ____inner hair cells______ are responsible for hearing and the ___outer hair cells____ are responsible for cochlear tuning.
The ___ hair cells_____ are activated when their stereocilia ___bends_______ and are inibited when the stereocilia ____relaxes______. Bending of the stereocilia towards the ____tallest stereocilium___open ____Cation selective channel____ to allow _____potassium__ to enter the cells. This causes depolarization of the ___hair cells____ which activates ___trasduction channels_____.
Pathway
Auditory nerve synapse in the ____medulla_____ and activate secondary neurons which project to the __superior olivary complex__ to activate tertiary neurons which project to the ___inferior colliculus_____ to activate quarternary neurons which project to the ____medial geniculate nucleus_____ to activate 5th order neurons that terminate in the ___primary auditory cortex____ where hearing is perceived.  
Hearing loss
Damage to the ____hair cells____ leads to sensorineural hearing loss whereas obstruction or damage to the ___outer or middle ear_____ may lead to conduction hearing loss.
Equilbrium

______semi circular canals_______ detect angular movements of the head; the ___saccule______ detects vertical movements of the head; the ____utricle____ detects horizontal movements of the head.
The equilibrium structures (apparatus) contain ___vestibular hair cells_____ which are depolarized when _____bends____. These cells then activate _____Vestibulocochlear nerve_____ which terminate in the ____Vestibular nuclei_____. Neurons then project to the _____Midbrain____ and then to the ___Cerebellum_____.