Question

In: Chemistry

Assignment For this discussion, you are asked to examine the structure of DNA from your textbook....

Assignment

For this discussion, you are asked to examine the structure of DNA from your textbook.

Using your knowledge or the material covered in Weeks 1 – 12, your general knowledge of organic chemistry I, your textbooks and the Internet to answer the following questions regarding the DNA molecule.

Include the structure of DNA in your discussion. Label and give the name for the the major functional groups in the DNA molecule? Please be sure to include all functional groups in every section of this discussion posting.

Functional groups are sites where chemical reactions take place. Using your knowledge of basic organic reactions, think about some possible reactions (e.g. SN2, E1, E2, SN1, etc.) that can occur at each of the functional groups in the DNA molecule?

Label the functional groups in the DNA molecule as hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Is the overall DNA molecule generally classified as hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Explain your prediction.

Discuss the type of bonding (e.g. ionic, covalent, coordinate covalent, hydrogen bonding, polar covalent, non-polar covalent, etc.) at each functional group within the DNA molecule

Label the hybridization (e.g. sp3, sp2, sp, etc.) for the central atom within each functional group in the DNA molecule?

Label the bond angle around the central atom in each major functional group within the DNA molecule?

Label the geometry of each central atom for each central atom in each functional group in the DNA molecule.

Label the major sites in the functional groups in the DNA molecule as acidic, basic or neutral and then label them as nucleophilic, electrophilic sites as well.

Expert Solution

A) alchaol,ketone,ether,alkane phosphate ,amide,amine

B) Alcohol: Oxidation, SN1, SN2, E1, E2
Amine: SN2, E2
Ether: SN2, E2
Ketone: Reduction, Grignard reaction
Amide: SN2, E2, Acid hydrolysis, Base hydrolysis
Phosphate: Condensation

C) Alcohol: Hydrophilic
Amine: Hydrophilic
Ether: Hydrophilic
Ketone: Hydrophilic
Amide: Hydrophilic
Phosphate: Hydrophilic
Alkane: Hydrophobic
Phosphate groups and the five-carbon sugars of DNA are hydrophilic, while nitrogen bases are
hydrophobic. Because the outer layer is hydrophilic, the overall DNA molecule is classified as
hydrophilic.

D) Alcohol: Hydrogen bonding, polar covalent bonding
Amine: Hydrogen bonding, polar covalent bonding
Ether: Hydrogen bonding, polar covalent bonding
Ketone: Polar covalent bonding
Amide: Polar covalent bonding
Phosphate: Ionic bonding, Polar covalent bonding
Alkane: Non-polar covalent bonding

E,F,G ) ANSWERS

Alcohol: SP3, 109.5 degree, Tetrahedral
Amine: SP3, 109.5 degree, Tetrahedral
Ether: SP3, 109.5 degree, Tetrahedral
Ketone: SP2, 120 degree, Planar
Amide: SP2, 120 degree, Planar Phosphate: SP3, 109.5 degree, Tetrahedral
Alkane: SP3, 109.5 degree, Tetrahedral

H) Alcohol: Weakly Basic, nucleophilic
Amine: Basic, nucleophilic
Ether: Neutral, either nucleophilic or electrophilic
Ketone: Neutral, either nucleophilic or electrophilic
Amide: Neutral, either nucleophilic or electrophilic
Phosphate: Acidic, electrophilic
Alkane: Neutral, either nucleophilic or electrophilic

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

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