Question

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones affects metabolism (and thus, could affect the metabolism of glucose)

Answer 1

Ans: The anterior pituitary gland has two lobes - the anterior and the posterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones like - Growth hormone (GH), Thyroid stimulting hormone (TSH),Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),Luteinising Hormone (LH),Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH),Prolactin (PRL).

The hormone which affect the metabolism of glucose:

The hypothalamus secretes Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH). GHRH stimulates somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary to release Growth Hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin. To exert several metabolic effects in many tissues of the body, GH has direct actions on tissues by binding to cells, and has indirect effects whereby it stimulates the liver to produce Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) to mediate actions.

The direct actions of GH include:

Increases lipolysis,Reduces glucose oxidation,Reduces protein oxidation.

The effects of GH via IGF-1 can be thought of as “anabolic” (compound building) like insulin and include:

Increases protein synthesis.

Increases carbohydrate oxidation

The overall effects, arising from an interplay between the two substances, are important for the following:

Skeletal growth,Muscle strength,Bone density,Cardiac function.

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