Which of the following processes are involved in the regeneration of the NAD+ pools? MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS.

Fermentation

Glycolysis

Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate Reduction

Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration

Electron Transport Chair

Chemiosmosis

#1

I post this twice, please don't duplicate answer I need two different views. Thanks

Discussion: Inner Neandertal

What to do:

Please watch the TED talk DNA Clues into Our inner Neandertal Links: https://www.ted.com/talks/svante_paeaebo_dna_clues_to_our_inner_neanderthal. and then read a recent article, Neanderthals and Moderns Humans Interbred '10,000 years ago, Links: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35595661. and post about something that you learned from a both and whether or not you thought the two contradicted one another.

Can the side-chain of glutamine make a bidentate interaction in the major groove at a G-U wobble base-pair in RNA? Explain your answer.

#2

I post this twice, please don't duplicate answer I need two different views. Thanks

Discussion: Inner Neandertal

What to do:

Please watch the TED talk DNA Clues into Our inner Neandertal Links: https://www.ted.com/talks/svante_paeaebo_dna_clues_to_our_inner_neanderthal. and then read a recent article, Neanderthals and Moderns Humans Interbred '10,000 years ago, Links: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35595661. and post about something that you learned from a both and whether or not you thought the two contradicted one another.

PLEASE COPY LINKS AND PAST

Genetics - Worksheet #9 Sex-linkage Problems

Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class_____

Make sure that you show the crosses for each problem. Make sure you include a key telling what letters you are using for example: H is normal and h is hemophiliac. Remember this is sex- linked so you must show sex chromosomes. Use the foil method.

1. Color blindness in humans is sex-linked and recessive. A normal man marries a woman whose father was colorblind but she was not.  

Cross:

Show the genotypes:

the man

his wife,

the genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.

2. A man with normal vision marries a woman who also has normal vision. One of their children is      

     colorblind.  

   Cross:

Genotypes of the man

Genotype of woman ,  

genotype of their child.

3. Hemophilia is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome.  

    A woman whose father was a hemophiliac but who is not one herself marries a normal man.  

Cross:

What are their genotypes and what are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children? What percentage of their daughters could be expected to be hemophiliac:

expected to be carriers;

what percentage of their sons will be

hemophiliac: carriers?

4. In cats, certain colors are sex linked. These genes also display incomplete dominance. Use Y for     

      yellow and B for black. Tortoise shell color (Calico) is the combination of both Y and B.  

Cross a tortoise shell female with a black male.

Coss:

Genotypes of offspring:

Phenotypes possible for their offspring.

Why are tortoise shell cats always female?

5. In fruit flies, straight wings is dominant over curved wings. A certain male was mated to a female with curved wings. They produce 50% straight and 50% curved-winged offspring.  

What are the genotypes for the male,

                                        the female

                              and their offspring.

BIO QUESTIONS:

1. Explain why being a dominant allele does NOT mean that the allele is more common or more frequent in a population.

2. When exactly do animal cells become haploid during gamete formation? Be specific.

Why is it important for sexually reproducing organisms to have haploid gametes?

3. Horses and donkeys can hybridize to create a mule, which has some good qualities of both horses and donkeys. Horses somatic cells have 64 chromosomes while donkey somatic cells have 62.

What is the chromosomal number for the gametes of horses? Of donkeys? What is the diploid number for the somatic cells of a mule?

Using what you know about meiosis, why is it likely that mules cannot produce their own gametes but they CAN produce somatic cells (body cells) just fine?

1. Why is the control of gene expression more complex in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes?

2. Where does translation occur? How can translation be controlled in eukaryotic cells?

You have thoroughly mixed 10 million cells in 10 mL of tissue culture medium to be plated in 96 wells of a microliter plates, delivering 100 microliters per well.

a. What is the probability that a well will have no cells in it?

b. What is the probability that a well have one cell?

c. What is the probability that a well will have 3 cells or more?

A virus such as influenza is only one type of pathogen that can invade the human body and cause disease. Different pathogens interact with different components of the immune system in different ways.

(a) Describe the role of skin and mucosae as surface barriers and the mechanisms that enable these anatomical structures to prevent infections.

(b) Discuss three examples of how the lymphatic and immune systems work together both structurally and functionally to fight infections such as influenza.

One of the many immune system functions is to protect individuals from pathogens such as the influenza virus. Explain how innate immunity (non-specific defense) and adaptive immunity each respond differently to exposure to influenza virus?

1.How did plants contribute to the first mass extinction event? Please answer in detail.

2.Take a look at the Revive and Restore project. What are two animals they are attempting to bring back? How? Will these be identical to the original? Is this project worth doing?

5. Below is a table showing composition data for clove oil, obtained using two different detection methods (with the same sample), FID and mass spectrometry. Explain why the composition (based on relative peak areas of the GC trace) is different for these data sets. Are either of these the “real” composition of the clove oil?

Hint: Response factor

The main topic or concept will be “CELLULAR RESPIRATION and PHOTOSYNTHESIS”. From this main concept, you will branch out and link to the other concepts.

Link the concepts with connectors and labels if there are concepts that are linked between units. Note: the connecting arrows do not have to be linear, they may be curved.

You may choose to use the ILC Mind Mapping Tool to create your concept map.

Tips for constructing a Concept Map:

• Start with a major theme or concept. This is usually at the top of the page or in the middle of the page, but it does not have to be.
• Shift is from more complex to less complex idea or major to minor. These ideas or concepts should be contained in boxes or ovals and should only be one or two words.
• Connecting lines are drawn between concepts to recognize their relationships. Linking words are placed on the lines stating the relationship between concepts. Linking words: Contains, is a part of, involves, uses, etc.
• Cross links can be made between one part of the concept hierarchy or classification and another.
• Optional: Colour can be used to follow relationships or as a visual aid.

Sample Concept Map

Below is an example of a concept map that explores concepts related to the conservation of momentum.

Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism (McKee page 317-323)

1. Compare activities of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase based on storing glucose energy in a cell
2. Describe the stimulus for the pancreas to release glucagon based on blood glucose concentration
3. Describe the target for the glucagon signal based on the cell type that has receptors for glucagon
4. Describe the activity of glycogen phosphorylase based on glucagon stimulation of the cell
5. Describe the activity of glycogen synthase based on glucagon stimulation of the cell
6. Describe the result of glucagon stimulation based on glucose release to the blood
7. Describe the activity of glycogen synthase based on insulin stimulation of the cell
8. Describe the activity of glycogen phosphorylase based on insulin stimulation of the cell