Subphylum Myriapoda

List two derived characteristic for this subphylum.

List two differences between class Diplopoda and class Chilopoda

During a sunny vacation abroad you put your foot into your shoe and feel something within. Would you prefer it to be from class Chilopoda or class Diplopoda? Why?

1. Which of the statements below accurately reflects the assumptions of the competitive exclusion principle?

A.The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have the exact same resource requirements and that environmental conditions may be variable.

B. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that competitors have different resource requirements and that environmental conditions remain constant.

C. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have the exact same resource requirements and that environmental conditions remain constant.

D. The competitive exclusion principle assumes that the competitors have resource partitioning and that environmental conditions remain constant.

E. The competitive exclusion principle makes no assumptions about the competitors.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Germination rates vary among species, but these differences do not translate into differences in competitive ability.

B. Temperature, humidity, and salinity have little effect on competition.

C. Plants with high growth rates under high light conditions tend to be overgrown quickly in newly opened habitat patches.

D. The outcome of competition can be influenced by factors other than limited resources.

D. Multiple species tend to perform their best under the exact same conditions.

3. What is a zero-growth isocline?

1. What are the latest developments HIV and AIDS?

2, What are the challenges of HIV and AIDS today?

3, What will the future look like for the visus HIV and AIDS ?

4. what are new development for HIV and AIDS

5. challenges in the war on AIDS from a science or people or society perspective.

6. What will the future of AIDS look like? Why do you think that

Study Designs - Part 1

INSTRUCTIONS: In working through these questions, take time in designing your study to consider how best to reduce confounding, various biases, and improve generalizability.

Randomized Trials

Imagine that you just read the following report:

Antioxidants Don’t Lessen Strokes for at-Risk Women

(From a nytimes.com article by Nicholas Bakalar, published 8/21/2007)

“Supplements of the antioxidants beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E may be good for you, but a new study reports that they have no effect, either alone or in combination, in preventing heart attack, stroke or death among women at risk for cardiovascular disease.”

Researchers randomly assigned more than 8,000 women to take regular doses of vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, or placebos, and followed them for more than nine years. All the women, whose average age was 60, either had cardiovascular disease or were at high risk for it. During the nine years, 1,450 women had a heart attack, a stroke, or cardiac surgery, and there were 365 deaths from heart disease.

Women in the vitamin E group had a slight decrease in disease compared with the placebo group, but it was not statistically significant. Neither beta carotene, nor vitamin C had any statistically significant effect compared with placebo.

Combinations of the antioxidants had no effect either, except for a slight reduction in stroke among those taking both vitamins C and E together. The study appears in the Aug. 13 issue of The Archives of Internal Medicine.

“While the individual supplements may not decrease risk,” said Nancy R. Cook, the lead author and an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard, “it does seem that diets high in fruits and vegetables that contain these antioxidants are helpful. It may be that we haven’t identified the particular nutrients or combinations of nutrients that might be beneficial.” “

1. Be an epidemiologic critic: What additional information would you want to know about this study before you believed the conclusions? Are there ways in which the study may not have been valid?

2. What recommendation(s) would you make to groups of women considering dietary supplements?

You are an epidemiologist concerned about the relation between toxic waste exposure and nervous system disorders. You decide to conduct a case-control study. Feel free to use your imagination and be creative!

Describe how you would:

Obtain your cases and controls.

Collect information on the outcome (nervous system disorders). For example, pre-existing records, self-reporting, direct measurements, surveys, etc.

Collect information on the exposure (to the toxic waste).

What are the advantages of using a case-control study to investigate this problem?

When writing a biology prac report, what is the difference between introduction and discussion ?

answer the following regarding DNA repair mechanisms

What is "direct repair"? Give a couple of examples of the enzymes involved. Which one requires light and what kind of mutation does it repair? Which one repairs bases with alkyl groups attached? Which base is involved?

What is “nucleotide-excision repair”? What kinds of mutations can it repair? In prokaryotes, what four key proteins are involved and how did they get their names? What two enzymes are involved?

What is “mismatch repair”? What does it do? This system corrects mistakes that have been missed by the normal correction system that occurs during DNA replication. Which enzyme normally corrects these mistakes during replication?

What source of DNA is usually used in “homologous recombination repair” to fix the mutated strand of DNA? During which parts of the cell cycle can this type of repair occur? HRR can also occasionally occur at other times, but the homologous regions may not be identical. Why might that be the case?

What happens during “nonhomolgous end joining”? During which part of the process might some of the sequence be lost? When during the cell cycle can this type of repair occur?

Discuss and evaluate the decision of the EPA to allow the use of Chlorpyrifos. Discuss the effects of this chemical, and the reasons why the EPA has decided to allow its use. Essay in 100 or more words please.

please answer the following regarding Mutation

Why do methylated cytosines produce hotspots for mutation?

What happens if an insertion or deletion mutation does not consist of a multiple of three nucleotides? What is this called?

What is “polarity” in relation to these gene mutations?

Mutations outside the coding sequence can speed up or slow down transcription. What are these mutations called and which is which? What is a “position effect”?

Pulp and Paper Question,

•H factor calculations.

–1. Cooking temp 175C. TTT: 35 minutes and TAT 120 minutes.

–2. Cooking temp 165C. TTT: 30 minutes and TAT 145 minutes.

what are some indirect effects (feedbacks) found in Rachael Carson "American Experience"?

Based on the article, Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications:

Why are hydrogels used so often in tissue engineering? Compare and contrast hydrogels with other non-hydrogel based biomaterial.

how to increase the hydrolysis ability of enzyme?