The transport of ions across cell membranes is a key part of the processes of generation and conduction of action potentials in neurons.

1. a) Why do ions require an integral membrane protein in order to pass across neuronal cell membranes?

2. Briefly discuss the specific ion channels and transporters that are involved in the generation and conduction of a neuronal action potential, and indicate whether the protein is involved in facilitated diffusion or active transport of ions.

3. How does myelination of the axon of a neuron affect the transport of ions across the membrane and the conduction of an action potential?

What is an amyloid?

Are all amyloid structurally the same? Provide examples to support the case.

Please be detailed in response

1)One of the greatest advances in early paleontology was the recognition by Cuvier and others that “the history of life…was long, mutable, and full of fantastical creatures that no longer existed”this passage relates to the theory of evolution and natural selection

How did biostratigraphy help inform the insight above?

2)Fully explain the chain of events that leads to low calcium ion availability in the oceans.

What is the age structure of a population. Explain how it affects population growth and economic growth. What are some problems related to rapid population decline due to an aging population?

The French taxonomist who, in 1809, proposed the first testable evolutionary theory that organisms using body parts repeatedly would increase their abilities was

Provide a discussion what it means to say that our brains are flexible. Provide at least one example, based on research that supports the fact that our brains are not a fixed and unchanging organ.

For each of the following questions, give the correct answer. However, don't just answer the question. For each answer choice, you have to provide at least a paragraph response on why that answer choice is correct or incorrect with relevant and outside information.

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are

A. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.

B. isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

C. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

D. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.

Part A: In common terms, explain how muscles grow with the given information. Daniel has recently begun a resistance training program with the goal of muscle hypertrophy. The plan you suggested for him was to lift 3-4 days/week with heavy resistance. He asks what he needs to do to ensure that he sees muscle hypertrophy. In your answer, also include any dietary recommendations and any realistically expectations to see in terms of muscle growth within one month time period. (while talking in a appropriate language for an average person to understand how muscle grows, also include information on the role of nutrition, and any realistic expectations on how much muscle growth can be expected within a month if he does everything you tell him to do correctly).

Part B: As you're studying for an exercise physiology exam, your friend asks you how muscle grows. In scientific explanations, explain how muscles grows (also include information on the role of nutrition, roles of hormones, the immune responses, satellite cells/neural adaptations and any other factors that could influence adaptions while also focusing on explaining how muscle grows)

What would the effect be if each of the different sub-units of E.coli DNA polymerases were not functioning?

1. What is the positive aspects of biome research project, and What is the difficult aspects of it?

Anaerobic Cultivation -- Microbiology Lab

a. What are the steps of anaerobic cultivation?

b. Why are two different broths used (nutrient agar and thioglycolate medium)?

c. Nutrient agar is great for bacteria that love oxygen -- why?

d. Thioglycolate broth doesn't allow oxygen to be throughout so there is only a little oxygen at the top where the broth and the air meet so what kind of bacteria would love this?

Can anyone explain the structure and complex of Fatty Acid synthase I? I know the purpose of the enzyme, I just need a good explanation of how it works and moves the growing chain around the complex.