Question

1. With appropriate staining, what structures might be visible in individual yeast or protozoa cells that would NOT be visible in individual bacterial cells.

2. Fungi are considered saprophytes. What does the term “saprophyte” mean, and what does this have to do with the observation that some fungi, such as Penicillium molds, produce antibiotics.

3. Parasite infections are less common in industrialized nations such as the United States. Provide several explanations for this.

4. Giardia lamblia, Trichenella,Plasmodium,how readily are each of these following parasites transmitted person-to-person? Why?

PLEASE ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-4 COMPLETELY.

Answer 1

1.Non photosynthetic.Most multicellular(hyphae) some unicellular non motile.Cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose. Gram stain and lactophenol cotton blue stain are used which shows us highlight features like germinal tube,hyphae, spores which can be found in fungi nd yeast.

Fungi and yeast have a nucleus,a membrane bound chamber where DNA is stored nd cells are really small they also have a capsule and finally they have a stiff cell wall located underneath the capsule

2. Saprophyte

An organism, especially a fungus or bacterium,that grows on and derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter

Penicillin mold naturally produces the antibiotic penicillin.Scientists learner to produce them by growing them in deep fermentation tanks by adding a kind of sugar and other ingredients.This increased the growth of penicillin.The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from P.chrysogenum(fungus)So they are used to killed the growth of bacterial infections.

3.parasitic ingestions are common in rural or emerging areas of Africa,Asia and Central and South America and are less common in industrialized areas.A person who visits such an area can acquire a parasitic infection.In United States and other industrialized countries a parasitic infection tends to affect immigrants,international travelers and people with weakened immune system.parasitic infections may occur in places with poor sanitation and unhygienic practices.In United States these are less due to good sanitation and hygienic practices and good healthcare system

4.They mainly transmitt through

.Mouth

.Skin

Parasites that enter through mouth are swallowed and can remain in the intestine or burrow through intestinal wall and invade other organs.Often parasites enter through fecal-oral transmission and sexual activity.

Swimming in pools that have not been adequately disinfected

These are transmitted person to person because of poor sanitization and unhygienic practices