Question

Electrolyte balance is necessary to maintain homeostasis. What are those electrolytes? Which are cations and which are anions? What are the normal values for humans? How can they be replaced? Which IV fluids contain which electrolytes?

Answer 1

Electrolyte necessary to maintain homeostasis are:

Electrolyte	Anion/Cation	Normal Vlalue	Food source	Fluids
Sodium	(cation)	134 to 145 mEq/L	Table salt Tomato juice sauce	Lactated Ringer’s
Magnesiun	(cation)	0.70 to 0.95 mmol/L	Pumpkin seeds Spinach	Magnesium Sulphate- Intravenous (IV)
Potassium	(cation)	3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L	Potato with skin Plain yogurt Banana	Lactated Ringer’s
Calcium	(cation)	2.20 to 2.55 mmol/L	Dairy (yogurt, milk, ricotta) Collard greens, Spinach	Lactated Ringer’s
Chloride	(anion)	96 to 106 mEq/L	Table salt, Some fruits and vegetables (tomatoes, lettuce, olives)	Lactated Ringer’s
Phosphate	(anion)	0.8 to 1.3 mmol/L	Baby soybeans, Potato with skin Mushroom	Sodium phosphates, IV (Rx)
Bicarbonate	(anion)	22 to 28 mEq/L	Fruits and vegetables	Sodium Bicarbonate

• Sodium (cation) - 134 to 145 mEq/L - Table salt,
• Magnesiun (cation) - 0.70 to 0.95 mmol/L
• Potassium(cation) - 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L
• Calcium (cation) - 2.20 to 2.55 mmol/L
• Chloride (anion) - 96 to 106 mEq/L
• Phosphate(anion) - 0.8 to 1.3 mmol/L
• Bicarbonate (anion) - 22 to 28 mEq/L