Question

Calories ___ = Calories ___ is necessary to maintain energy balance and weight.

Define overweight, underweight and obesity. Discuss the hazards of obesity.

What portion of the brain controls hunger?

Define the terms:

Hunger-

Appetite-

Satiation-

Satiety-

List types of influences that make us want or need to eat.

What influences our energy requirements or obesity?

What is BMR?

What is BMI? Calculate your BMI.

Why is waist circumference important? (waist-to-hip ratio)

Compare the relationship between body weight and body fat. Know the common methods used to assess the amount of body fat.

Answer 1

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. To determine your body mass index, divide your weight in pounds by your height in inches squared and multiply by 703. Or divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared. According to the world health organization a BMI

Below 18.5                  Underweight

18.5-24.9                     Normal

25.0-29.9                     Overweight

30.0 And higher          Obesity

People with obesity are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease and strokes. Obesity makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for heart disease and strokes.
• Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can affect the way your body uses insulin to control blood sugar levels. This raises your risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
• Certain cancers. Obesity may increase your risk of cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney and prostate.
• Digestive problems. Obesity increases the likelihood that you'll develop heartburn, gallbladder disease and liver problems.
• Gynecological and sexual problems. Obesity may cause infertility and irregular periods in women. Obesity also can cause erectile dysfunction in men.
• Sleep apnea. People with obesity are more likely to have sleep apnea, a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.
• Osteoarthritis. Obesity increases the stress placed on weight-bearing joints, in addition to promoting inflammation within the body. These factors may lead to complications such as osteoarthritis

Hunger- is the craving, desire, or urgent need for food.it is an uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the lack of food and resulting directly from stimulation of the sensory nerves of the stomach by the contraction and churning movement of the empty stomach. Hunger is partly controlled by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, your blood sugar (glucose) level, how empty your stomach and intestines are, and certain hormone levels in your body

Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger. Appealing foods can stimulate appetite even when hunger is absent, although appetite can be greatly reduced by satiety. Appetite exists in all higher life-forms and serves to regulate adequate energy intake to maintain metabolic needs

Satiation-To satisfy (an appetite, for example) fully

Satiety-he quality or state of being fed

BMR- Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O2/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/ (h·kg). Even when resting, your body burns calories by performing basic functions to sustain life, such as breathing, circulation, nutrient processing, cell production, etc. Basal metabolic rate is the number of calories body needs to accomplish its most basic (basal) life-sustaining functions. The average basal energy expenditure (BEE), also known as basal metabolic rate (BMR), for American women is about 1,400 calories while for a man is roughly 1,800.

Why is waist circumference important?

The circumference of the waist is important because it's a good indicator of how much abdominal, or visceral, fat one have — the fat he/she carry around the middle, including your belly. Excesses Abdominal fat produces more of the inflammatory chemicals that interfere with the body's normal function than fat stored elsewhere on the body, like the buttocks or thighs. When one a lot of visceral fat, it releases a lot of these inflammatory chemicals which have profound effects on other parts of the body.

Regardless of the height or body mass index (BMI), one should try to lose weight if the waist is: 94cm (37in) or more for men and 80cm (31.5in) or more for women