Question

The Central Nervous System (CNS) comprises different regions and centers. Give pertinent & brief details of voluntary movement, balance, vital signs and emotions

Answer 1

The Central Nervous System is the main control centre of the body. It consists of two main core parts which are brain and spinal cord. The brain is further subdivided into following parts:-

1. Cerebrum

2. Cerebellum

3. Medulla oblongota

4. Pons

5. Midbrain

6. Diencephalon

The pons, medulla oblongota and the midbrain forms the brainstem.

1. Cerebrum:- It is the most important part of the brain, consisting of 4 lobes. The lobes are frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. The frontal lobe controls logical reasoning, emotions, language, motor functions and cognitive reception. The frontal lobe controls the voluntary movements of the body.

The parietal lobe controls the sensory functions of the body through the somatosensory cortex like touch, pain and temperature. The temporal lobe is responsible for auditory signal reception while the occipital lobe is responsible for the visual reception.

2. Cerebellum:- It is the important site for balance and motor functions of the body. It coordinates with the other parts of the brain and helps in balance, posture and coordination.

3. Medulla oblongota:- It is the important site for vital functions of the body. Important centres are located in medulla oblongota such as cardiac and respiratory centres which controls the heart rate and the respiratory muscle movements. The respiratory rate coordinates with the pneumotaxic centre located in the pons which controls the rate of respiration.