Question

4. Why is it harder to make very long polymer chains using the condensation polymerization method than by using the addition polymerization method?

5. Describe the bonding in a carbon-carbon double bond. Include in this description an explanation of the mechanism by which the various bonds are formed. What does the existence of a double bond tell about the other atoms bonded to the carbon atoms?

Answer 1

4.In addition polymerisation molecules join together without the loss of atoms or molecules which helps in making long polymer chain with subsequent addition of atoms while in condensation polymerisation molecules join together with simultaneous elimination of small molecules such as water etc which restricts it from forming long polymer chain.

5.A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bondbetween two carbon atoms.[1][page needed] The most common form is the single bond: a bond composed of two electrons, one from each of the two atoms. The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is formed between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. In ethane, the orbitals are sp3-hybridized orbitals, but single bonds formed between carbon atoms with other hybridisations do occur (e.g. sp2 to sp2). In fact, the carbon atoms in the single bond need not be of the same hybridisation. Carbon atoms can also form double bonds in compounds called alkenes or triple bonds in compounds called alkynes. A double bond is formed with an sp2-hybridized orbital and a p-orbital that isn't involved in the hybridization. A triple bond is formed with an sp-hybridized orbital and two p-orbitals from each atom.

Existence of double bond between carbon carbon atoms tells that other molecules attached to carbon are planar that is they lie in the same plane as that of carbon.