Question

VENTILATION/RESPIRATION: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

1) Using Fick's law, explain why it is harder to breathe at the top of Mount Everest.

2) Using Fick's law, justify why the body surface of a Turbellaria makes a good respiratory surface for the worm.

3) Recall the gills seen in your crayfish, squid, and clam dissections. Was that tissue usually described as "feathery" or were they "dense" structures? From what you know of Fick's law, why does the characterization you use make sense?

4) What organisms have spiracles and why are they important for that organism?

5) How is air moved through tracheae in insects?

6) Order the airway passages and/or structures that air goes through starting from the nose to the blood stream in humans. (You should have at least five passages)

B) what is the main differences between those passage ways?

7) Provide at least two ways the anatomy of the lung helps to maximize Fick's law.

8) Describe how the diaphragm and muscles around the rib cage promote negative pressure breathing.

B) What type of animals use positive-pressure breathing and why might this be okay?

9) Describe at least two ways ventilation in birds is different from ventilation in humans.

Answer 1

1) Fick's law explains that the rate of diffusion of one material in another is proportional to the negative of the gradient of the concentration of the first material. At high heights, the outside gaseous tension is lower than it is inside your lungs, making it more difficult to pull in the more slender air and for your veins to siphon oxygen all through the body.

2) Turbellaria are level with strip like or leaf-like shapes. Gas exchange is occured by simple diffusion. This restrains the thickness of the body. They have no cuticle. They are covered with microvilli between the cilia. Worms are capable to breathe through their skin. The highlights clarified make surface of a Turbellaria a decent respiratory surface for the worm.

3) Recall the gills seen in your crayfish, squid, and clam dissections. That tissue usually described as feathery. The high surface area is important to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains a small fraction of the dissolved oxygen that air contains.

4) Insects have spiracles, which permit air to move into their tracheal framework. Since insects don't have lungs, they use spiracles to trade oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air.