Question

When it comes to the difference between meiosis and mitosis, mention the amount of steps, the amount of genetic material, the variability of this genetic material, and which type of cells they occur in.

Answer 1

Mitosis	Meiosis
Takes place in Somatic cells	Takes place in germ cells
Completes in One sequence	Completes in Two sequences Meiosis 1and Meiosis 2
Crossing over of Chromatids doesn't take place	Crossing over of Chromatids take place
Daughter cells have same chromosome as parent cells .( 2n) Diploid cells are fromed	Daughter cells have half the number of chromosome as parents cells ( n) Haploid cells are formed
Daughter cells are identical to each other and parent cells	Daughter cells are not identical to each other and parent cells
Equational divison	Reductional division .

During Gametogenesis ,cell division occur by two types

Mitosis ( equational cell division) and Meiosis1 ( Reductional cell division ) and Meiosis 2 ( same as mitosis )

Primary gonads cells ---->>Gametogonium --->Primary gametocyte (Spermatocytes or Oocyte ).It occurs by Mitotic division .

Primary Oocyte and primary spermatocyte enter into Meiosis 1 to undergo further maturation.

Mitosis stages

Mitosis stages
Prophase
--Condensation of chromosomes
--Nuclear envelop breakdown
--Sister chromatids bound at the centromere .
--Spindle fibres grow from centrioles
--Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of cell

Metaphase
-- Chromosomes arrange at equator ( midline )
--Some spindle fibres attach at Kinetochores .
--Fibres of aster attach to plasma membrane

Anaphase
--Centromere splits
-- Sister chromatids separate from each other
--Each pole has identical set of genes

Telophase
-- 2 daughter cells are formed
--Chromosomal number are similar to parent cells .
--Daughter cells are similar to parent cells

Meiosis stages
Meiosis 1 --Separation of maternal and paternal chromosomes
Meiosis 2 ---Separation of sister chromatids

Meiosis 1
Prophase-- It has 4 stages
Leptotene --- Chromosomes becomes visible
Zygotene --Pairing of chromosomes ( Synapsis / conjugation) and formation of Bivalent .
Pachytene --Tetrad formation ,Crossing over occur and Chiasmata formation
Diplotene --Chromosomes break at point of crossing with exchange of genetic material .

Metaphase
-- Spindle formation occur in prometaphase ,Chromosomes are attached by Centromeres and firmly bound ( align)

Anaphase
--Chromosomes move from equator to the poles of cells ( Centromere doesnt divide in meiosis )

Telophase
--Chromosomes completely moved to opposite poles .
--Chromosomes in each cell reduced to half .

Meiosis 2 --It is similar to mitosis .
Interphase is present between 1 st and 2 nd meiotic divison.