Question

Describe Myasthenia gravis in terms of the adaptive immune response that mediates it and what effect the autoimmune disease can have on the host.

Answer 1

Myasthenia gravis is the autoimmune diseases which causes muscle weakness in host dependent on T -cell, occurs due to degeneration of the antibodies at the neuromuscular junction.Thymic follicular hyperplasia initiates the myasthenia gravis disease, which causes the release of anti acetylcholine receptors during the progression of disease .It increases the activation of B cells ,thymic germinal signal gives rise to autoreactive B cells survival ,activation and maturation.CD23 present at the thymic germinal centre causes the survival and differentiation of B cells.At the same time circulating T cells which is autoreactive recognizes the Ach receptors and proliferate themself and produces the Thymus 1 cytokine IFN-gamma ,causes the inflammatory response towards the Ach receptor.

Myasthenia gravis affects the muscles of the host, it occurs due to the nerve cells innervates the muscles by the release of acetylcoline on the neuromuscular jucntion and there is anti-acetylcholine receptors present causes immune cells to attacks on  these acetylcholine receptors. It causes facial paralysis, extreme muscle weakness during breathing,difficult swallowing ,drooping of eye and walking as well.