Question

1. What is Myasthenia Gravis?

2.What body parts does Myasthenia Gravis affect most?

3. What neurotransmitter is blocked and how?

4. Describe the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

5. What is the treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

6. Describe the nurse interventions for Myasthenia Gravis1. What is Myasthenia Gravis?

2.What body parts does Myasthenia Gravis affect most?

3. What neurotransmitter is blocked and how?

4. Describe the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

5. What is the treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

6. Describe the nurse interventions for Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 1

(1) Myasthenia gravis is the rare disease and most common primary disorder of neuromuscular transmission , that causes the weakness in the patient's skeletal muscles , as which are the muscles of our uses for the body movement .As it occurs when the communication between the nerves cells and the muscles becomes impaired So, this impairments prevents the crucial muscles contractions from the occuring that resulting in the muscles weakness.

(2) The thymus gland which is the part of our immune system and situated in the upper chest that beneath the breast bone .The thymus gland triggers or the maintain the production of the antibodies that blocks the   acetylcholine . Some people with the myasthenia gravis having tumor in the thymus gland . and that is malignant .

(3) The neurotransmitter are the chemicals that the neurons or the brain cells use it to communicate the information , Normally when the electrical signals or the impulses travel down a motor nerve and then the nerve ending release the neurotransmitter that called acetylcholine which binds to the sites called acetylcholine receptors and activates the muscles and caues the muscles contraction .  

Whereas , in the myasthenia gravis , the antibodies which are the immune proteins produced by the our's immune system ,these antibodies block or alter or destroy the receptors for the acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction which prevents muscles contraction .This is most oftenly caused by the antibodies to the other protein , such as MuSK ( muscle specific kinase ) protein that also can impair the transmission at the neuromuscular junction .

(4) SYMPTOMS ;- The main symptoms is the weakness in the voluntary skeletal muscles , those muscles which are under the control of individual . Here the failure of the muscles to contract normally occurs as because they hasn't respond to the nerve impulses .The weakness which associated with the myasthenia gravis typically get the worse as with more activity will be . The symptoms of the myasthenia gravis includes are the following listed ;-

Trouble in talking

facial paralysis

fatigue

horse voice

problems with the going up stairs or lifting the objects .

double vision

drooping of the eyelids

difficulating in the swallowing or chewing problems

difficulty in breathing due to the muscle weakness.

(5) TREATMENT ;-

In todays date , Myasthenia gravis can be controlled . There are the several therapies avialable that helps in in reducing and improving the muscle weakness

Monoclonal antibody ;- this treatment targets in which acetylcholine antibodies injures the neuromuscular junction .

Anticholinesterase medication;- the medication which treat this disorder are such as pyridostigmine which slow down the breakdown of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and thereby improving the neuromuscular transmission and increase the muscles strength .

Thymectomy ;- this procedure removes the thymus gland and that can reduce the symptoms and may cure the those who suffered by the myasthenia gravis .

Immunosuppressive drugs ;- The immunosuppressive drugs improve the muscle strength by suppressing the production of the abnormal antibodies .These includes are ;- azathiopine , prednisone , tacrolimus ,mycophenolate mofetil .

Plasmapheresis ;- It is the procedure in which we using a machine to remove the harmful antibodies in plasma and then replace them with the good plasma or a plasma substitute .

(6) NURSING INTERVENTION ;-

Monitor the respiratory status and the ability of the patient to cough and deep breathe adequately

Montior the respiratory failure

Monitor the suctioning and the emergency equipment at the bedside

Monitor the vitals signs

monitor the speech and swallowing abilities to prevent the aspiration .

Encorage the patient to sit up during eating the foods

Assess the muscle status

Instruct the patient to conserve the strength .

plan the short activities that coincide with the times of the maximal muscles strength .

Montitor for the any myasthenic and cholinergic crises .

Administer the anticholinesterase medication as the prescribed by the doctor .

Instruct the patient to avoid to take stress , infection ,fatigue and also over the counter medication .