Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

What hormones are responsible for the growth spurt during puberty? What cells do these hormones target...

What hormones are responsible for the growth spurt during puberty? What cells do these hormones target and what is the action of these cells? Be clear and specific.

Explain why there is a risk of stunted growth to a teenage male by taking anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids mimic the effects of testosterone a sex hormone. Be clear and specific in the effect on bone growth.

A post-menopausal woman will have a significant decrease in estrogen levels. Explain why this will lead to bone resorption that is faster than bone deposition. What is the term for this occurrence?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Puberty is the period where mostly sexual development occur. In males hormones such as testosterone, GH are responsible for growth spurt. In case of girls estradiol, GH and androstenedione are the hormone responsible for puberty growth.

Androstenedione is the hormone which enhance the production of testosterone which help in muscle building, increase sexual desire and groeth of sex organs. Growth hormone is produced by anterior pitutary and which targeted on all tissues.Growth hormone enhances growth and metabolism.

Estradiol is act on mainly genital organs such as uterus, ovary, breast and also in brain and bone marrow. It bind to the estrogen recptors in cytoplasm of cells and modulate protein metabolism.

Anabolic steroids also known as anabolic androgen steriods which are natural steroids such as androgen and testosterone and synthetic which had the same effect of testosterone in the body. Anabolic steroids enhances the body muscle mass and strength. Abnormal use of anabolic steroid lead to breast development and increases the chances of testicular cancer in males. In some cases anabolic steroids are used as anti osteoporosis drug which enhances the bone density.

After menopause ovaries no longer produce the estrogen and a sudden decrease in the estrogen level may lead to osteoporosis in women.

Post menopausal osteoporosis is the condition by which remoulding of bone occur due to the decreased estrogen production after menopause


Related Solutions

What are the three basic actions which the hormones act on target cells?
What are the three basic actions which the hormones act on target cells?
Endocrinology: how do the two types of hormones work to activity/ inhibit target cells? Vertebrate endocrinology:...
Endocrinology: how do the two types of hormones work to activity/ inhibit target cells? Vertebrate endocrinology: which hormone comes from which gland and what are their targets? What are the release mechanisms of the P. pituitary versus the A. pituitary? How do various human hormones regulate the reproductive abilities of males and females, including fetal, puberty, daily and monthly cycles, and of course pregnancy?
How do target cells respond to protein-based versus steroid hormones? Describe using specific examples.
How do target cells respond to protein-based versus steroid hormones? Describe using specific examples.
What factors do you think are responsible for the growth of the larger brain of hominins...
What factors do you think are responsible for the growth of the larger brain of hominins over time?
What is the thyroid hormones endocrine source? What are the target organs and Actions of the...
What is the thyroid hormones endocrine source? What are the target organs and Actions of the Thyroid Hormone?
What are the stress hormones? How do they act? Specifically, how does stress affect growth and...
What are the stress hormones? How do they act? Specifically, how does stress affect growth and development?
The length of odontoblasts (cells responsible for tooth growth) is recorded for 10 guinea pigs treated...
The length of odontoblasts (cells responsible for tooth growth) is recorded for 10 guinea pigs treated with orange juice and 10 guinea pigs treated with ascorbic acid. The results are shown below: Orange Juice : 15.2, 21.5, 17.6, 9.7, 14.5, 10.0, 8.2, 9.4, 16.5, 9.7    ( n o = 10 , x ¯ o = 13.23 , s o = 4.46 ) Ascorbic Acid : 4.2, 11.5, 7.3, 5.8, 6.4, 10.0, 11.2, 11.2, 5.2, 7.0    a. Assume the samples are...
2.What are hormones? 3.Most hormones circulate in blood and come into contact with essentially all cells....
2.What are hormones? 3.Most hormones circulate in blood and come into contact with essentially all cells. However, a specific hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells called _____________________________which contain receptors for that hormone. When hormones bind to receptors, it triggers a cascade of reactions within the cell that affects function.4.Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream while exocrine glands release secretions through ducts into cavities or body surfaces. Some endocrine glands have other functions beyond hormone production...
During neuronal pathfinding, the growth cone of the neuron chemotaxes to the target cell in the...
During neuronal pathfinding, the growth cone of the neuron chemotaxes to the target cell in the brain it needs to reach. At that point, the growth cone touches the target cell and responds to it by creating an adhesions junction. What type of signaling activates chemotaxis? What type of signaling activates formation of the adhesions junction. Suggest a biochemical pathway that would activate and form the adhesions junction.
what kind of hormones is produced during child's birth
what kind of hormones is produced during child's birth
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT