Question

1- Describe five elements to include in discharge teaching for a pediatric patient going home following a concussion.

2- Describe the six levels of consciousness in the pediatric patient.

3- describe a coup and contra coup head injury.

4- Differentiate between a generalized seizure and partial (focal) seizure. List the priority interventions for a padiatric patient having a seizure.

5- What is hydrocephalus and how is it managed?

Answer 1

1) Five elements to be included in discharge teaching:-parent's personal status, child's personal status, knowledge, coping ability and expected support.

2) Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale:- E for Eye, V for verbal, M for motor, S for scal.

S1:-E, V, M don't respond.

S2-E responds to painful stimuli, V inconsolable, M Extension to pain.

S3- E opens in response to speech, V inconsolable, moaning, M abnormal flexion to pain.

S4-E opens eyes spontaneously, V cries but consolable, M withdraws from pain.

S5-E normal, V smiles, orients to sounds, M withdraws from touch.

S6-E, V normal, M moves spontaneously.

3) In head injury, Coup injury is the site of impact of the object and contra coup injury is the injury site opposite to the impact of hit.

4) Partial siezures involve part of the brain and generalised siezure involve whole part of both the hemispheres of the brain.

5) In simple terms, hydrocephalus means water in the brain. Best and easy treatment is administration of diuretics. Sometimes surgery is needed.