In: Anatomy and Physiology
Type of cell Hormone produced Function of the hormone
Ovaries produce female sex hormone Estrogen and Progesterone.
Estrogen- it is produced by the theca interna cells of the ovarian follicles and by corpus luteum in small quantities.
Functions of estrogen-
1. Promote growth of ovarian follicle by increasing proliferation.
2. It enlarges uterus and increases blood supply to uterus. Prepares uterus for pregnancy.
3. Responsible for devlopment of secondary sexual characters in females.
4. Estrogen also promotes devlopment of breast.
Progesterone
small quantity of progesterone is secreted by theca interna cells during first half of menstrual cycle. Large quantity is secreted during second half of cycle by corpus luteum.
Functions-
1. Promotes secretory activity of uterine endometrium. Prepare uterus for implantation.
2. Promote secretory activity of fallopian tube.
3 . Decrease frequency of uterine contraction during pregnancy
4. Increases thickness of cervical mucosa and thereby inhibits the transport of sperms into uterus.
The 3 external subdivision of uterus are
1. Fundus- formed by the free upper end of uterus. Dome like structure. It lies above the opening of uterine tube
2. Body - the main cavity of uterus. Uterine tubes open here.
3. Cervix- lower cylindrical part of uterus. It projects into vagina.
The two phases of menstrual cycle are-
1. Follicular phase- it extend from 5th day of cycle untill ovulation. Maturation of ovum with devlopment of ovarian follicle takes place during this cycle. The ovarian follicles grows in size by influence of FSH and estrogen hormone.
2. Luteal phase- it extends from 15th till 28th day of cycle.
During this phase, corpus luteum is developed. Corpus luteum is a glandular structure formed from ruptured graafian foliicle after the release of ovum. It releases progesterone which help in maintenance of pregnancy.