Question

 • What is estrogen?

 • What is progesterone?

 • What is the release of an egg known as?

 • Describe the process of egg formation. 

 • Describe how the number of eggs produced in the female compares to the number of sperm produced in the male.

Answer 1

Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the main sex hormone in females. It is responsible for the development and control of the female reproductive system and for the characteristics of secondary sex. In females, there are three primary endogenous estrogens with estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Of such, the most active and widespread is the estrane steroid estradiol.

Progesterone is an endogenous steroid and progestogenic sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens, and it is the main progestogen throughout the body. Progesterone has an number of essential body functions.

The process of release of the egg from the ovaries is known as ovulation.

FORMATION

To produce an egg a hen takes about 24 to 26 hours. After the egg is laid, about 30 minutes later the hen starts all over again. The reproductive system for the hen consists of the ovary, the organ where the yolk forms, and the oviduct where the egg is done. The ovary is placed on the back of the hen, about halfway between the neck and tail.The oviduct, a tube-like organ about 26 inches long, is loosely fastened between the ovary and the tail to the backbone. Most female animals have two active ovaries but the hen only uses one, the left. The ovary and oviduct to the right remain dormant.

OVARY:-

A female chick is born with a fully developed ovary that contains several thousand tiny ova or yolks to come. The ova starts to grow, when the pullet (a hen less than 1 year old) reaches sexual maturity, one at a time. Growing yolk is contained inside its own sac or follicle. The follicle comprises a highly developed blood vessel network that carries nourishment to developing yolk.Usually, ovulation occurs about 15 minutes after the last egg was laid. The follicle ruptures at ovulation to expel the yolk into the oviduct. When two yolks are released at the same time a double-yolked egg results. Rupture occurs at the stigma axis, a follicle region that does not have any blood vessels.

OVIDUCT:-

The ovulated yolk is collected by the infundibulum also known as the funnel. The infundibulum is where fertilization would take place if it did occur. The yolk moves along to the magnumwhere after about 15 minutes, and in about 3 hours the hen deposits the albumen (white) around the yolk. The yolk rotates as the albumen (white) is formed, twisting the albumenous fibers to form the chalazae. Next, the two shell membranes are formed in around 1 1/4 hours, and some water and minerals are added to the isthmus. The egg has now reached its maximum size and shape, moving through the uterus (shell gland), where it acquires its body, body color and bloom after 19 to 21 hours.After a few minutes of pause in the womb, the uterus inverts through the bladder, the cloaca (the intersection of digestive, urinary and reproductive systems) and the ventilation to expel the egg outside the body of the henna. Oviposition is known as egg laying. During formation, the egg first moves through the low, oviduct end. The egg rotates just before laying to lay wide end first.A young hen lays small eggs.

Egg cell (ovum) — the female sex cell

or

sperm — the mature male sex cell

Each single game is genetically special, since every time a gamete is created chromosomes are mixed and distributed in a new way. The process is known as meiosis.

These gametes contain a single copy of half the parent source genes. When fertilization takes place, an egg fuses and blends genetic material with a sperm to create a total collection of chromosome DNA, including 23 pairs of chromosomes. This is the blueprint for an entirely special new human.

Egg cells are among the body's largest cells — each egg is 0.1 mm, which appears to be very small, but is actually visible to the naked eye.

You are born with all the eggs released in your reproductive lifetime, totaling around 590,000 inactive eggs on average.

Such immature reproductive cells are called oocytes, and when you are a fetus in the womb (2-4) they develop within your ovaries. Egg maturation happens during puberty, when the menstrual cycle begins. Your ovaries could then develop and release a mature egg, an ovum, through a process called ovulation each month.Each egg produced in the Fallopian tube is capable of being fertilized by sperm. If it is not fertilized within 24 hours of release from the ovary, it will no longer be viable, and will be shed in your lifetime.

Sperm cells:-

In comparison to the mother, sperm is among the smallest cells in the male body. Sperm is produced carefully and constantly for the purpose of fertilizing an egg.

A single sperm looks like a tadpole and consists of a head, back, midpiece and tail with a length of 40 to 250μm — that measuring unit is micrometer, Which is super small.

At the beginning of puberty, immature reproductive cells called spermatogonia go through the spermatogenesis cycle, where they begin to rapidly multiply and proceed to divide and differentiate in order to ultimately produce mature sperm, sperm.

The process of sperm maturation takes place in the long tight tubes called seminiferous tubules in the testes.

On average only a few of the billions of sperm released during a human male's reproductive life would have an opportunity to fertilize an egg.