-What is the central dogma? -What are tRNAs? What are isoaccepting tRNAs? -What is the genetic...

-What is the central dogma?

-What are tRNAs? What are isoaccepting tRNAs?

-What is the genetic code? What is it mean by the universality of the genetic code?

-What does the reading frame refer to?

-What are the initiation and termination codons?

-Describe what happens in each of the translation stages: initiation, elongation, termination.

-What is particular about the bacterial initiation codon?

Expert Solution

Ans-1-Central dogma is synthesis of mRNA from DNA and Protein synthesis from mRNA. DNA--->mRNA---->protein.

Ans-2-t-RNA are transfer RNA which brings particular amino acid specified by the codons on mRNA at the site of protein synthesis. Two or more different t RNA that are specific For same amino acid are called isoaccepting t-RNA.

Ans-3-Genetic code consist 64 triplets of nucleotides by which information present in DNA are translated into protein. Genetic code is universal mean one codon of 3 nucleotides will code for same amino acid in any given organism, whether it is prokaryotes or eukaryotic organism does not matter.

Ans-4-reading frame is a way to devide the the nucleotides sequence in DNA or RNA. The group of 3 nucleotides is called codon, means it can be interpreted in 3 different ways. DNA has two strand so total 6 different reading frame.

Ans-5- Initiation codon is the codon from where protein synthesis begins. It is AUG and code for methionine in eukaryotic cell. Termination codon are codon where protein synthesis stop and does not code for any amino acid. Ex- UAG, UAA, UGA.

Ans-6- Initiation---initiation involves binding of small subunit of ribosome to mRNA and than binding of large subunit to make complete ribosome.it involve the reaction in which one peptide bond is formed between 2 amino acid.

Elongation---involves the synthesis of first peptide bond is formation to the last bond formation of peptide.

Termination-Polypeptide chain is released and ribosomal machinery is dissociated from mRNA

Ans-7- bacterial initiation codon codes for formylated methionine rather than normal methionine in eukaryotic cell.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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