Question

How is the Central Dogma relevant to the LDH experiment?

Answer 1

The central dogma of life:
DNA ------> RNA -----> Protein
DNA ------> DNA: Replication: It is mediated by DNA polymerase
DNA ------> RNA: Transcription: It is mediated by RNA polymerase
RNA -----> Protein: Translation: It is mediated by the ribosome, tRNA, and amino acids.

In a human cell, DNA serves as the genetic material. It contains all the information for the proper growth and development of the cell. DNA codes for RNA which contains coding information to specify a protein sequence. A protein is the structural and functional component of a cell. All the cells in the body contain almost identical genome sequence (except for few immune system cells). However, all cells do not express all the genes all the time. Each tissue type expresses a specific set of genes at specific time period i.e. temporal and spatial expression. Such genes are known as tissue-specific genes. These tissue-specific genes are responsible for different structures and functions of different tissues in our body. The tissue-specific gene expression is mediated by epigenetic as well as transcriptional gene regulation.

Steps in eukaryotic gene expression:
i. Transcription
ii. Post-transcriptional modifications (A-tailing, splicing, and capping)
iii. Translation
iv. Protein folding
v. Post-translational modifications
vi. Protein localization

LDH gene codes for LDH mRNA which gets translated into LDH protein.