Question

Relate the central dogma of molecular biology to the principles of PCR

Answer 1

The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation to the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein". The general transfers describe the normal flow of biological information:DNA can be copied to DNA(DNA replication), DNA information can be copied into mRNA (transcription), and proteins can be synthesized using the information in mRNA as a template (translation).

Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in detail. PCR employs two main reagents primers and DNA polymerase. In first step of PCR the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically separated at a high temperature in a process called nucleic acid denaturatrion. In second step, the temperature is lowered and the primers bind to the complementary sequences of DNA. The two DNA strands becomes templates for DNA polymerase  to enzymatically assemble a new DNA strand from free nucleotides, the building block of DNA. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the original DNA template is exponentially amplified.

Making DNA from RNA can be said as the reversal of the central dogma of molecular biology as here through reverse transcription that is making DNA from mRNA is done ( also known as cloning), both PCR and cloning give the same end result that is a copy of a DNA , but both do have different methods . PCR involves the sythesis of multiple copies of specific DNA fragments using enzyme known as DNA polymerase unlike use of mRNA template to manufacture DNA in cloning .

So so we can say both relate in the terms as they have the same end result which is of giving copies of DNA , PCR is more fast and efficient for a particular DNA fragment to be made copy of whereas cloning is time consuming as compared to PCR but it is more precise and whole DNA copy is cloned.