Question

Explain how the genetic code and the central dogma of protein synthesis can be used to genetically modify organisms and what properties of the genetic code and the central dogma of protein synthesis allow scientist to insert a firefly gene into a tobacco plant?

Answer 1

A particular gene is expressed by process of tanscription and translation which forms the basis of the central dogma.Again,the genes possess genetic codon (three adjacent nucleotides) that specify the aminoacids in the protein.When we wish to genetically modify an organism , we can select a particular gene and then insert it into the organism such that it will be able to read the same codons on the gene specified, transcribe it into RNA and then translate it into protein,thus successfully expressing the desired gene.

The genetic code is universal and the central dogma of protein syntheis follows the same pathway i.e DNA--RNA---protein and this which means that  all of the organisms make use the same genetic code which also indicates that we all were once related.This also signifies the fact that different organisms can read the DNA or genetic code of other organisms, and hence this allows scientists to insert a firefly gene into a tobacco plant.