Question

explain in detail how the endocrine system is reacting during these given situations to bring the body back to homeostasis or may be causing adverse physiological effects.

Jane was riding her horse on a warm sunny day (101 degrees Fahrenheit) when suddenly her horse stopped and reared up in the air. Jane was not prepared for this and fell hard backwards into the ground. As she hit the ground Jane's leg was gashed open by a large, sharp boulder that she fell next to. Jane began to bleed severely. Jane's pulse seems to be low and her respiratory rate is at 22 bpm.

Answer 1

During blood loss the pressure drops down. This is sensed by the baroreceptors. Then these receptors send signal to the brain activating baroreflex. This them leads to the activation of sympathetic system. As part of it the vasoconstriction occurs and the heart. Rate increases and thus leading to compensate the blood pressure. As she is facing a heavy temperature she will loose water via sweat. As the body is facing less blood the localised hypoxia happens and the capillary beds undergoes selective constriction in the integumentary region and blood will not reach the skin to pass as sweat. The blood vessels in wounded region is constricted so as to reduce the blood flow to outside. The decrease in blood pressure activates the RAAS system. The renin produced will convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Then it is converted to Angiotensin II by ACE. Then it will produce aldosterone which acts on the renal tubules to maintain water retention so that water loss is reduced and thus blood pressure can be increased. Thus making sure that blood reaches all area of the body.