Question

82) What is the name of the genetic mechanism that allows B cells or T cells to produce specific antibodies?

1. Homeostasis
2. Gene rearrangement
3. Excretion
4. Antigen presentation

83) Which below describes the Humoral Immune Response

A) involves activation and clonal selection of Cytotoxic T cells

B) involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies

C) Lymphocytes are screened for host reactivity in the Thymus gland

84) Which below describes the Cell Mediated Immune Response

A) involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells

B) involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies

C) Lymphocytes are screened for host reactivity in the Thymus gland

85) Occurs when a pathogen can no longer infect a host because it is bound to an antibody

A) Neutralization

B) Opsonization

C) Excretion

D) Plasmolysis

86) Occurs when antibodies bound to antigens increases phagocytosis of foreign cells by the immune system

A) Neutralization

B) Opsonization

C) Excretion

D) Plasmolysis

87) The process where Antibodies cause lysis of foreign cells is called

A) Neutralization

B) Opsonization

C) Plasmolysis

D) Activation of the complement system

Match the following 3 terms to the description(s) of function(s) below

A) Antigen presentation      B) Antigen switching C) Clonal selection    D) Self screening E) Complement System

110) Pathogens such as Plasmodium evade human adaptive immunity with this mechanism

111) Following antibody/antigen match, a B cell or T cell proliferates with the help of cytokines from a matching Helper T-Cell

112) B cells or T cells with self-reactive antibodies undergo apoptosis

113) A dendritic cell or macrophage stimulates B cells or T cells that have matching antibodies

114) B plasma cell antibodies cause destructions of targets by this mechanism

27) The Hamstring and Quadricep Muscle are examples of

A) Opposing muscles in a muscle group

B) Afferent muscle groups

C) Efferent muscle groups

D) The CNS

35) Which requires energy in the form of ATP

A) Sodium (Na) rushing in

B) Potassium (K) rushing out

C) Activity in the form of the Na/K pump

D) Voltage gated ion channels

E) Potassium channels

Answer 1

82.Option b-Gene rearrangement.

B cells contain specific areas (genes) in their DNA that code for the production of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins). As B cells develop and mature, these DNA segments are rearranged in a controlled fashion such that each mature B cell has a unique rearrangement profile.

83.Option B-

Humoral immunity or humoural immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides.

84.Option A

cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to antigen.

85.Option A-

Neutralisation refers to the ability of specific antibodies to block the site(s) on viruses that the latter use to enter target cells. Neutralisation renders the virus no longer infectious (or pathogenic).

86.Option B-

Opsonization is the coating of a particle with proteins that facilitate phagocytosis of the particle by tissue macrophages and activated follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)

87.Option D

Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall).

Match -

a)Antigens presentation- A dendritic cell or macrophage stimulates B cells or T cells that have matching antibodies

b)Antigen switching-Pathogens such as Plasmodium evade human adaptive immunity with this mechanism

c)Clonal selection-Following antibody/antigen match, a B cell or T cell proliferates with the help of cytokines from a matching Helper T-Cell

d)Self screening-B cells or T cells with self-reactive antibodies undergo apoptosis

e)Compliment system- B plasma cell antibodies cause destructions of targets by this mechanism

27)Option A-

Prime mover states that one muscle works directly to generate the desired movement amid other muscles working simultaneously to generate the same movement indirectly. Hamstrings are considered as agonist while quadriceps is the antagonist.

35.Option C-

The Sodium-Potassium Pump. The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrance is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.