Question

Hurricanes often disrupt water systems, making the tap water non-potable. What steps could be taken to lessen the spread of waterborne illnesses such as cholera?

In order to grow certain cells in culture the media numerous special growth factors that cannot remain active after heat sterilization, this media must be filtered to remove bacteria. What size should the pore on the filter be? Why?

An OTC foot powder contains camphor, eucalyptus oil, lemon oil and zinc oxide. Which ingredient is effective at controlling fungal growth on skin and nails?

Compare and contrast one example of a Basdiomycota with an Ascomycota genus

Answer 1

Ans.1) Drinking water may get contaminated during natural disasters like hurricanes, floods etc. and can be ca cause of water borne diseases.

Steps taken to reduce the spread of water borne diseases-

• Drink only clean water- portable or filtered.
• Shallow wells where bathing ,washing or utensils washing is done, can also be a cause of spread of water borne diseases. It should be prevented.
• Devices like filters, RO unit etc. Should be properly and regularly serviced.
• Food should be thoroughly washed before cooking.
• Proper hygiene is necessary.
• Avoid eating exposed foods kept outside for long time.
• Vaccination can be done for some diseases like polio,typhoid etc.

Ans.2)Membrane filter with a pore size of .2 microns or smaller than it, is used to remove bacteria from media. This is because bacteria ranges in 1- 10 microns in length and 0.2 to 1 microns in width. So bacteria will not pass through filter membrane.

Ans.3) Over-the-Control foot powder contains zinc oxide, camphor, eucalyptus oil, and lemon oil. But zinc oxide is the main antimicrobial agent against bacteria which denatures proteins and causes deformation in fungal hyphae.

Ans.4) in ascomycota(Penicillium) ascospores are formed in ascus and asexual reproduction occur commonly.

But in basidiomycota( Agaricus) , basidiospores are borne on club- shaped structures called basidia and asexual reproduction occur occasionally.