Question

Locate one or more Web sites that explain the acid-base balance of the human body. The Web sites should be valid scholarly references. It is suggested to search through the ODU library database. Please do not use Wikipedia. The URL will most likely end with “edu” or “org.” Use the Web sites to answer the following questions. Please do not cut-and-paste the text from the Web site. You should paraphrase and properly reference (APA) each Web site. Use complete sentences and please limit the use of lists and bullets. Questions:

1. Explain metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Please be thorough.

2. Explain respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Please be thorough.

3. What disease states are connected with metabolic acidosis?

4. What disease states are connected with metabolic alkalosis?

5. What disease states are connected with respiratory acidosis?

6. What disease states are connected with respiratory alkalosis?

7. How does hypoventilation correct a pH imbalance?

8. How does hyperventilation correct a pH imbalance?

9. How does the kidney correct a pH imbalance?

10. What are the normal ranges for blood gases?

11. Proper APA reference list of the Web sites.

Answer 1

Ans 1:- Metabolic acidosis is a condition of body where the body is not able to get rid of acid produce in it, and thus leads to accumulation of excess of acid. This happens mainly due to kidney disease and kidney failure.

Normally the acid level in the body should be below 7.35ph but here it increases corresponding to the severity .

Metabolic alkalosis is condition of body in which the accumulation of base occurs or their is net loss of acid from the body. The ph of body rise above 7.45.

Note- metabolic acidosis and alkalosis occurs due to defective metabolism occurring in body. Remember the main organ responsible for the regulation of ph in body are, The lungs and the kidney, if any defect occurs in these organs then their is disturbance of body acid-base balance which leads to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis .

Ans2:- Respiratory acidosis is condition of body where concentration of carbon dioxide increases ,with decrease in ventilation and decrease in Ph .

Respiratory alkalosis is condition of body which occurs due to hyperventilation leading to imbalance of carbon dioxide -oxygen balance. Here hypocapnia occurs and ph increases.

Note - hyperventilation means abnormal rapid breathing

Hypocapnia means decreased carbon dioxide concentration

Ans3:-Kidney disease

Kidney failure

Renal tubular acidosis

Hyperchloremic acidosis

Ans4:-Neuromuscular irritability

Tetany

Seizures

Abnormal heart rhythms

Ans5:-Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Sleep apnea

Pneumonia

Ans6:-chronic liver disease

Carpopedal spasm

Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Ans7:-when the the oxygen levels of extra cellular fluid increases the receptors of respiratory center detects the decreased concentration of carbon dioxide and sends signal to the central nervous system, which in turn regulates the normal conversation with help of hypoventilation which leads to decrease in oxygen concentration and increase in carbon dioxide concentration.

Ans8:-when the concentration of carbon dioxide Increases and oxygen Decrease , the receptors detects the change sends the signal to central nervous system and bring back the normal concentration by hyperventilation leading to increase in oxygen and decrease in carbon dioxide .

Ans9:-when the body acid level increases that is concentration of hydrogen ion increases the kidney excrete the acid by the process of urination and conserves the bicarbonate by accelerating reabsorption.

Ans10:- Partial pressure of oxygen - 75to100mmhg

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide -38to42mmhg