Question

Describe the evidence for the fact that DNA is the genetic material and the sequence of events leading from the sequence of nucleotides of DNA to the sequence of amino acids in proteins and their secretion. Include in your answer:

a. the early evidence for the location of genes on chromosomes, the first evidence that DNA was the genetic material, and that genes determined the structure of proteins

b. a description of the mechanisms and structures involved in of transcription and translation c. a description of the cellular structures involved in protein synthesis and secretion

Answer 1

Experimental evidence that DNA is the genetic material.

1.Griffth's transforming principle.

2.Avery, Macleod, and McCarty

3.Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

The transforming principle is given by Giffith's proposed that DNA is the material that transformed the non- virulent form to virulent form. The experiment by Avery, Macleod, and McCarty proved that DNA is the genetic material. They used DNase, Rnase, and protease to degrade DNA, RNA and protein respectively. Later Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactive isotopes of phosphate and sulfur and used bacteriophages to prove that DNA is the genetic material.

Genes are present in DNA, genes are nucleotide sequences located on DNA. The process by which DNA makes copies of themselves is called replication.

The information on genes is used to make protein but DNA cannot code for proteins. The information is first transcribed into RNA and later RNA acts as a template for protein synthesis.

The process by which RNA is made by using DNA as a template is called transcription and it occurs in the cytosol. The process by which protein is synthesized by using RNA as a template is called translation.

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