Question

Q2. DNA is the genetic material in most organisms. Describe the unique characteristics that justify that DNA is the most suited genetic material compared to RNA and protein. (5 points)

How does “The Central Dogma of Genetics” decipher the linear sequence relationships among DNA, RNA, and polypeptide.

Answer 1

DNA is chosen as genetic material over RNA and protein-

A molecule choosen as genetic material should fulfill following criteria:

1. Replication: It should replicate itself.

2. Stability: should provide a stable Storage for genetic information.

3. Evolution: should have the ability to evolve but slowly.

4. Expression: should be able to express when required.

Now, protein doesn't have the ability to replicate. So it can not be used as genetic material.

And RNA is unstable and mutation is faster.

DNA is better genetic material as it can replicate accurately, store information with better stability, and allows only slow mutations.

CENTRAL DOGMA:

It was proposed by Francis Crick. It says that DNA can reply Kate itself, it can be converted into RNA by transcription, there on this mRNA is processed and leaves the nucleus and attaches itself to ribosomes. It's codon is then read by the tRNA which helps in the production of proteins by the process called translation.