Question

Dengue: pathogenesis, affected organs in the body, chain of infection and its associated links, infectious agent reservoirs, exit portal, route of transmission, entry portal and susceptible host, incidence, prevalence, prevention of this infectious disease, treatment if necessary possible and as a nurse how are you going to break the chain of infection of the microorganism to avoid cross contamination

Answer 1

Dengue

1. Pathogenesis: high viral load and activation of high number of non protective Tcells result in a inflammatory cytokines and other mediators leading to increased plasma leakage.

2. Affected organ in the body-liver is the main organ affected, lung and heart also gets affected.

3. Chain of infection and its associated links: dengue transmitted to the people by the bite of an Aedes mosquito that is infected with dengue virus.the mosquito gets infected by the dengue virus on biting a person who has dengue fever, about a week it can be transmitted to healthy person by biting them.

4. Infectious agents reservoir: human body

5. Exit portal: skin-when mosquito bites and takes virus from the infected.

6. Route of transmission: mosquito bite

7. Entry portal and susceptible host: skin-when a mosquito bites , humans with the weak immune system.

8. Incidence and prevalence: in each year about 390 million dengue fever occur around the world. Brazil,Colombia and Venezuela report the most cases of dengue fever.

9. Prevention: prevent from mosquito bite -use insect repellent, keep your home and surroundings clean, do not leave stagnant water around house, use long clothes to cover body parts.

10. Treatment-treatment includes fluid and pain relievers, severe case require hospital care, supportive care-fluid replacement, self healing and oral rehydration therapy,iv fluids, medication-analgesics.

11. Measures to break the chain of infection of microorganisms to avoid cross contamination:

-hand hygiene, personal protective equipments, personal hygiene, cleaning ,disinfection and sterilization , isolation of the patient, control of aerosil and splatter, waste disposal, pest control,immunisation and patient education.