Question

7_Briefly describe the research methods of naturalistic observation, case studies, surveys, correlational methods, and experimental research. What is the purpose of each research method? Also, list at least one limitation of each approach to research?

Answer 1

1. Naturalistic Observation – This is one of the oldest form of research method where the researcher observes something such as a behaviour or activity as it happens. Normally the researcher never intimates people who are observed because people might behavedifferently then. The disadvantages are that the observed might change their behaviour if he/she becomes aware that someone observes them.
2. Case Studies – It’s an in-depth study of an event, people or even one single person. The research is focused on the selected subject (person & topic) without any deviation. The main disadvantage of case studies is that it cannot be universalized or generalizedbecause it fits only that situation or person.
3. Surveys – Surveys are generally used on a sample population of the research. This is done mostly through questionnaires. There are different surveys, face to face, online, postal etc. One of the main disadvantage is that people will fill the questionnaire or answer just to manipulate the results or they would just keep filling until they reach the final question. The authenticity is questionable.
4. Correlation Methods – Correlation methods are employed to identify the relation between two variables under question. It compares and contrasts the two variables under question. It can only state there is a correlation but it may not be able to answer the question, why such correlation exists.
5. Experimental Research – These types of research are carried out to support or refute or prove something scientifically through experimentation. It would also provide cause and effect factors at the end of the study. It could be done in the lab or in a natural set-up. The researcher can manipulate the results and the results may not be generalized.