Question

In: Biology

A difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is that gluconeogenesis takes place in the mitochondria gluconeogenesis uses...

  1. A difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is that
    1. gluconeogenesis takes place in the mitochondria
    2. gluconeogenesis uses 14 steps to 10 for glycolysis
    3. gluconeogenesis uses GTP
    4. gluconeogenesis produces more energy than glycolysis

  1. In the muscle, hexokinase will be inhibited by
    1. low levels of ATP
    2. high levels of glucose 6-phosphate
    3. low levels of glucose 6-phosphate
    4. high levels of fructose 6-phosphate
  1. Formation of fructose 6-phosphate requires the aa
    1. Lys                  b. Glu             c. Cys             d. Ser

                       

  1. Of dietary glycogen and endogenous glycogen one can say that
    1. both can be converted to glucose 1-phosphate
    2. endogenous glycogen is converted to glucose 6-phosphate directly
    3. endogenous glycogen is hydrolyzed by a-amylase
    4. only dietary glycogen is converted to glucose 1-phosphate

  1.   Alcohol dehydrogenase uses as cofactor
    1. Mg2+                b. Fe2+                          c. Zn2+             d. Mn2+

Solutions

Expert Solution

1) (c) gluconeogenesis converts GTP to GDP.

Restbof the options are wrong as gluconeogenesis takes place in liver and not in mitochondria. Gluconeogenesis has 9 steps instead of 14 steps. Energy production is somewhat same.

2) (b) high level of glucose-6-phosphate.

Hexokinase, the enzyme catalysing the first step of glycolysis, is inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate. However, the liver, in keeping with its role as monitor of blood glucose levels, possesses a specialized isozyme of hexokinase called glucokinase that is not inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate.

3) (b) Glutamine.

The de novo biosynthesis of sialic acids begins with the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate, catalyzed by glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase (I-glutamine: d-fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase).

4) (a) both can be converted to glucose-6-phosphate.

5) (c) Zn​​​2+

Alcohol dehydrogenase uses two molecular tools to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde..the first is a Zinc atom which is used to hold and position the alcohol group on ethanol. The second is a large NAD cofactor, which actually performs the reaction.


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