Question

Compare the leadership of two different leaders from Ottomans vs China and how they led, displayed power, treated their people.

Answer 1

CHINA:

• The middle kingdom
• The taiping upraising
• Hong xiuquan
• The opium wars
• The treaty of nanjing(1842)
• Spheres of inflences
• "Self-strengthening"
• Society of righteous and harmonious fists

​​​​​​​THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

• "The strong sword of islam"
• ​​​​​​​The sick man of europe
• Devshrime
• Sultan
• Ulama
• Janissaries
• Tanzimat
• Young ottomans
• Islamic modernism
• Young turks  

1. ​​​​​​​Both china and ottomans were highly successful, well-established civilization prior to 1800
2. Both had territories that included their respective culture heartlands and expanded into new areas over time
3. Both muslims and chinese had long histories of prosperous trade,economic flourishing and scientific innovations
4. Both had centralized bureaucracies
5. Both had supreme rules in absolute monarchies
6. Neither had industralized prior to 1800

​​​​​​​REFORMS IN CHINA IN THE LATE 19TH/EARLY 20TH CENTURIES SIMILAR TO REFORM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE SAME TIME PERIOD.

1. Both launched efforts at "defensive modernization" aimed at strengthening their states and preserving their independence.
2. In both societies people held tightly to old identities and values.
3. Nationalism became a powerful force in both societies.

​​​​​​​REFORMS IN CHINA IN THE LATE 19TH/EARLY 20TH CENTURIES DIFFERENT THAN REFORM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE SAME TIME PERIOD

1. Ottoman reforms began earlier than Qing reforms and were more sustained than the half-hearted "self-strengthening" reforms in china.
2. Ottoman reforms began with attempting to modernize the military
3. Minorities were given far more opportunities to advance in the Ottoman Empire. (ex: Christians could obtain high offices)